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INTRODUCTION
linkednotonlytoaspecifichistoricalperiodandregion,butalsotoanarchaeologicaland
historicalculture.Assumingthatjewelryiswornnotonlyforadornmentandisofavery
personalnature,conveyinginformationaboutthecultural,religiousorethnicafliationof
itswearer,jewelrythuspublicizesanassociationoridentificationwithaculturalgroupor
asetofbeliefs.Inanarchaeologicalculture,whenaspecificjewelrytyperecurstimeand
againatsitesclearlyafliatedbytheirmaterialculture,theirgeographicallocationand
bytheirhistoricalandtemporalcontextwithacertainculturalorethnicgroup,itmay
beconsideredapossibleethnicmarkerofthatcultureorgroup.Anarchaeologicaland
historicalapproachseekstopinpointcertaintypesofjewelrythatmaypossiblybeseen
ascharacteristicofthebiblicalIsraeliteswhosechoiceofwhattowearwasnotnecessarily
afunctionoftheprevailingfashions,butwasratheranexpressionoftheirownaustere
ideologythatidentifiedtheirownculturalgroup.
TeuniquecircumstancesandimplicationsofalargejewelryassemblagefromHasanlu
inIranarediscussedbyMeganCifarelli,whopresentsareevaluationandaugmentation
ofresearchconcerningacollectionofover2000personalornamentsrecoveredfrom
excavationsatthecitadelandinanareaofanoutertowndatedfromtheMiddleBronze
AgetotheIronAge.Aportionofthisassemblageiswell-knownduetoM.Marcus)sinitial
workonthelionpinsfrom800BC,discoveredincollapsedbuildingsonthecitadelat
Hasanlu.Aviolentdestruction,ofentermedCthePompeiioftheIronAgeancientNear
East)
,sealednumerousdoomedindividualsinthedebrisofthecitadelalongwiththeir
personaladornments.Techaoticnatureofthearchaeologicalfindsprovokedcriticism
ofMarcus)sconclusions,yetimplementationofabroaderresearchframeworkthatalso
includesnumerousgravesfromHasanluupholdsherconclusionsandshowsthatthe
adornedbodiesofmenandwomenplayedsignificantrolesintheconstructionand
communicationofamilitarizedgroupidentitythatemergedatHasanluduringthe
IronAge.Moreover,throughheranalysisoftheadornmentssincetheMiddleBronzeuntil
theIronAge,Cifarellipointsoutthecontinuityinthewayinwhichtheywereusedbythe
Hasanlusocietythroughtheages.Tus,shechallengespreviousopinionsontheapparent
growthofsocialcomplexityasbeinglimitedtoonlytheIronAge,showingthatitwas
continuouslypresentsincethe2ndmillenniumBC.Occurrenceofnew,Cmilitarized)types
ofeliteadornmentsshouldratherbeperceivedasanewformofexpressionforthealready
existingelites.
Indemonstratinghowthestudyofancientjewelrygoesfarbeyondornamentation,the
twelvearticlespresentedinthisvolumealldrawclearlyonthecontextofthearchaeological
findsthemselves.Anysignificanceforthestudyofancientjewelrycanonlybeattained
throughtheprismofitscontext,thushighlightingitsroleasoneofthecomponentsof
materialculture,thestudyofwhichisofgreatinterestandpotential.Itisourhopethat
thisvolumewillhelptodrawmoreattentiontothestudyofjewelryanditsaccurate
publication,providinganincentiveformoreexactingrecoveryanddocumentationoffinds
fromcurrentexcavationsandfutherimpulsetoopensafesanddust-cloggeddrawersin
forgottenstoreroomsfromexcavationspast.
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PAM23/2:SpecialStudies
