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RobertMahler,UrszulaOkularczyk
EGYPT
Nutritiondeficienciesandweaningstress
inparticularmusthaveplayedapartaswell
(Parkin2013:55).
Childmortalityinthemodernworld
hasbeenreducedconsiderablybymeansof
unlimitedaccesstofreshwater,vaccinations,
antibiotics,balanceddietand,lastbutnot
least,publichealthcareservices.Most
infantdeathsinindustrializedcountries
arenowcausedbyendogenous,thatis,
maternalinfluenceduringpregnancyand
geneticfactors(Lewis2007:84).
STATURE
Ahighlyecosensitivetrait,statureis
commonlyusedasasimplemeasureof
wellbeingofaparticular(SteckelandRose
2002:19-22).Incaseofthesampleunder
study,reconstructionofstaturebasedon
linearregressionbyRaxteretal.(2008)
waspossiblefor13individualsonly[see
Table4].
Temeanintravitalbodyheightfor
menfromtheUpperNecropolisinareaU
was166cm(n=5)andforwomen153cm
(n=5).Bothmeanvaluesareverysimilar
totheresultsobtainedinarecentstudy
(Mahler2012:54):166(n=48)formen
and154(n=49)forwomen,beingatthe
sametimeconsiderablydilerentfromthe
resultsobtainedbyE.Promińska(1985:
210):171(n=171)formenand161
(n=182)forwomen.Suchcomparisons,
however,needtobetreatedwithcautionas
dilerentauthorsusedilerentmethodsof
staturereconstruction.Teresultsforthe
LowerNecropolisweretoofewtomake
acomparisonofthemeanvaluesfeasible;
itwas166cm(n=1)formenand152cm
(n=2)forwomenrespectively.Incaseof
theMiddleNecropolis,notonestature
estimationcouldbeproducedforthestudy
assemblage.
72
Itisimpossibletodrawanymeaningful
inferencesaboutthewellbeingofthe
populationfromsuchasmallnumberof
statureestimations(fiveformalesand
fiveforfemalesfromtheUpperNecro-
polis).
Tese
results,
however,
can
contributetothesite-widedatabase,
whichinturnwilladdtotheoverall
pictureofthepopulationburyingtheir
deadonKomel-Dikka.
PATHOLOGY
Temostcommonpathologicalcondition
observedinthesamplewereslight
degenerativechangesofthejoints(Grade
2accordingtoTeGlobalHistoryof
HealthProject.DataCollectionCodebook,
seeSteckeletal.2006:32).Terewere
alsomoreextensivedegenerativechanges
(Grade3)observedandacaseofahealed
handtrauma.
Te
only
pathological
condition
recordedthatcouldreflectenvironmental
stressingeneralorgeneticburdenofthe
populationunderstudyhadthestate
ofpreservationbeenbetteriscribra
orbitalia
(Smith-Guzmán
2015:
11;
Walkeretal.2009:119).Itcouldbe
scoredonlyinthecaseof41individuals.
Elevenofthese(26.8%)suleredfrom
alightformoflesion,whereasmore
pronounced
anaemia-inducedchanges
wereobservedinthree(7.3%)skulls,all
threebeingrecoveredfromtheMiddle
Necropolis.Teyconstitutedtheonly
casesinwhichtheassessmentwaspossible
fortheskeletonsfromthisphase.Cribra
orbitaliawasrecordedin4(25%)out
of16individualsrecoveredfromthe
UpperNecropoliswithatleastoneeye
orbitpreserved,andin7(31.8%)outof
22individualsfromtheLowerNecropolis
withatleastoneeyeorbitpreserved.
PAM25:Research
