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ChapterI◆THECONSTITUTIONALFOUNDATIONSOFTHEREPUBLICOFPOLAND’S…
PursuanttoArt.68para.4oftheConstitution,publicauthoritiesare
obligedtotakepreventivemeasurestoaverttheemergenceandspreadof
epidemicdiseases38.Fulfillingthisobligationisdonebyapplyingmeasures
thatcanbeusedbasedontheactoninfectiousdiseases.Thus,the
administrativeandlegalexpressionofimplementingthecommitmentto
combatepidemicdiseasesinhumansistheintroduction(intheeventofan
epidemicthreat)ofaspeciallegalregime,i.e.,astateofepidemicemergency.
Ifthethreatoccursinavoivodeshipterritoryorpartofit,astateof
epidemicemergencyisannouncedbythevoivodeattherequestofthe
voivodeshipstatesanitaryinspector.However,ifanepidemicthreatoran
epidemicoccursintheareaofmorethanonevoivodeship,astateofepidemic
emergencyisannouncedandrecalledbytheministercompetentforhealth
mattersinconsultationwiththeministercompetentforpublicadministration,
attherequestoftheChiefSanitaryInspector39.AccordingtoArt.46para.
4oftheAct,itispossibletoestablishthefollowingduringastateofepidemic
emergency:1)temporaryrestrictionofaspecificmethodofmovement,
2)temporaryrestrictionorprohibitionofthemarketinganduseofcertain
itemsorfoodproducts,3)temporaryrestrictionofthefunctioningof
particularinstitutionsorworkplaces,4)prohibitionoforganisingshowsand
othergatheringsofpeople,5)theobligationtoperformspecificsanitary
proceduresiftheirperformanceisrelatedtotheoperationofaspecific
production,service,commercialorotherfacilities,6)anordertoprovidereal
estate,premises,landandmeansoftransportforanti-epidemicmeasures
providedforinanti-epidemicplans,and7)anobligationtocarryout
preventivevaccinations.
38B.Banaszak,M.Jabłoński,[in:]KonstytucjeRzeczypospolitejorazkomentarzdoKonstytucjiRP
z1997roku,ed.J.Boć,KoloniaLimited,Wrocław1998,p.127;J.Bucińska,Prawoczłowiekado
ochronyzdrowiawujęciuKonstytucjiRzeczypospolitejPolskiej,uRocznikiNaukPrawnych”2007,
No.2,p.60.
39Thedecisiontoestablishastateofepidemicemergencymaybeprecededbyimplementing
astateofepidemiologicalthreat.ThisiswhathappenedwiththeemergenceofmassiveSARS-CoV-
2infections.On13March2020,theMinisterofHealthissuedanordinanceonthedeclarationofa
stateofepidemiologicalthreatintheterritoryoftheRepublicofPoland(JournalofLawsof2020,
item433,asamended).Thedevelopmentoftheepidemicmeantthataweeklater,thestateof
epidemiologicalthreatwaslifted;andinitsplace,theMinisterofHealthintroducedthestateof
epidemicemergency(theOrdinanceof20March2020onannouncingthestateofepidemicinthe
territoryoftheRepublicofPoland,JournalofLawsof2020,item491,asamended).
20
