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Politicsoferasure
from“damnatiomemoriae”
toalluringvoid
Joannafilipczyk
museumofopoliansilesia,opole
fineartsinthecontextofthe“degermanization”
intheregionofopoliansilesiaafter1945*
Oblivion,purposefulomissionandeliminationare
theconsecutivedegreesofthebattleagainstextra-
neousideologylAtellingexampleofsuch“erasure
politics”weretheactivitiesofPolishauthoritiesef-
fectuatedintheso-called“RecoveredLands”(also
amoreneutraltermwasinuse,namely,“Northern
andWesternLands”
,denotingthepartofPoland
whichbelongedtoGermanybefore1945)lTheaim
oftheseactivitieswasthe“degermanisation”ofthe
landsnewlyacquiredbythePolishstatel
Thisprocesshasalreadyearnedaquiteplentiful
coverageinPolishliteratureandresearchl1Itwas
ahugejointoperationdirectedmostofallagainst
theGermanlanguageasamainmediumofculturel
However,therewerealsorepercussionsinthecul-
turalpolicies,bentontotaleradication(alsointhe
visualsphere)ofanyGermanelementsandsup-
plantingthemwithPolishsubstituteslInthisarticle
Iwouldliketotakealookattheconsequencesof
such“degermanization”activitiesinthefieldoffine
*Thereporteddiscussionisachangedversionofmypa-
perMiędzyPolskąaNiemcami.Postawynarodowościowerodzi-
mychartystówplastykówOpolszczyznypo1945roku(Between
PolandandGermany:nationalityattitudesofautochthonfine
artistsintheregionofOpoleafter1945),Opposite,Nol1
http://historiasztukilunilwroclpl/opposite/opposite_nr1/
joanna_filipczyklhtm(viewedon30March2013)l
1Linek(1997),Linek(2001),Świder(2002)l
arts,takingplaceintheregionofOpolianSilesiain
thepost-warperiodl
Thereareseveralpossibilitiestoanalyzethis
topiclThemostobviouswaywasareplacementof
GermanartifactsbythePolishonesorasaturation
ofpublicspacebyPolishartworkslMorecompli-
catedissuewastheinteractionbetweenthepopu-
lationdescribedas“indigenous”(whohadlived
inthisareabefore1945andstayedthereafterthe
war)andtheculturalactivistslThisisanareacon-
nectedwithnewlycreatedculturalinstitutions,
whichweregiventhetaskofthepopularizationof
PolishcultureandartlInthelastpartIwillpay
moreattentiontotheproblemoftheeducationof
fineartistscomingfrom“autochthon”familiesin
theOpoleregionafter1945andtheirnationality
attitudesl
1.
Duringthe“battle”againsttheGermancultural
heritageextantinOpolianSilesia,theprioritywas
toeliminatemonumentsconnotingthedismalNa-
zi-timeslThemostspectacularexampleisthehis-
toryofthemonumentonGóraŚwiętejAnny(Stl
Anne)sMount,Annaberg)lOneofthecommentar-
ieswhichappearedinthelocalmediaatthattime,
referredtositeas“themountainwheretheGerman
