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MagdaPieczka
QueenMargaretUniversity,Edinburgh
PUBLICRELATIONS
THEORYANDTHEPROFESSIONAL
PROJECT
Thispaperarguesthatpublicrelationstheorytodatehasbeenfocused
onsupportingthepublicrelationsprofessionalprojectinitspubliclegitimacy
dimensionratherthantheworkofdefiningandsolvingpracticalprofessional
problemsatthelevelofroutineindividualpractice.Thispropositionisderived
fromacriticalconsiderationoftheconceptoftheprofessionandits
understandingwithinthepublicrelationsliteratureandfromanassessmentof
thekeydirectionsinthedevelopmentofpublicrelationstheoryoverthelast
twentyyears.Thediscussionisbasedontheliteraturewritten,ortranslated
andpublished,inEnglish,andthereforereflectsmorestronglyacademic
effortsandinterestsintheEnglishspeakingcountries,notablyUSandUK,
ratherthanaimatacomprehensivesurveyofworkconductedacrosstheworld.
Sociologicalinterestinprofessionsgoesbacktothe19
thcentury,as
Ihavearguedelsewhere,thewayinwhichpublicrelationstendstousethe
conceptisindebtedtotheclassicalsociology
1.TheworkofDurkheimand
Parsonsisparticularlyimportanttothedevelopmentofthesocalledtraits
approachwhichdefinestheprofessionbyanumberofcharacteristicsandthus
constructsanideal-typedefinition.Whattheearlywritersandresearchers
agreedabout,infacttookforgranted,wastheimportant,stabilisingrolethat
professionsplayinthesocialstructure
2.Theviewwassuccinctlyexpressedby
Carr-SaundersandWilson:[…]professionalorganisationsarestableelements
1M.Pieczka,J.L'Etang:PublicRelationsandtheQuestionofProfessionalism.W:HandbookofPublic
Relations.Ed.R.Heath.ThousandOaks:Sage2001.
2E.Durkheim:TheDivisionofLaborinSociety.(G.Simpson,Trans.).NewYork:TheFreePress1933,p.24-
31;seealsoK.M.Macdonald:TheSociologyoftheProfessions.London:Sage1995,p.2.