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Proprietaryandnon-proprietarynatureoftheright...
provisionsoftheGDPRandthesolutionsdevelopedwiththee-PrivacyandtheNon-
PersonalDataRegulations,itbecomesapparentthattwotypesofprotectionneedto
beensuredforpersonaldataasalegalgoodofespeciallyhighvaluetoindividuals,
i.e.protectionthatwilltakeintoaccountboththeproprietaryandnon-proprietary
naturesofrightsthesubjectsofsuchdatahave.Ithasbeennotedintheliterature
thatthebasicstructuresoflawssupposedtointroducegeneral,comprehensive
frameworksforpersonaldataprotectionoscillatebetweentwomodels.Tefirst
one,describedasalicensingmodel,makestheuseofpersonaldatadependanton
takingpermissionfromagovernmentauthority.Tesecondmodelisbasedonthe
assumptionthatasortofsubjectiverightexiststodisposeofone’sowndata.23In
thepersonaldataprotectionsystemadoptedintheEU,thelatterapplies.Atthesame
time,consideringthatpersonaldata,especiallyifpseudonymised,hasachievedan
autonomousstatusofproperty,havingadeterminableandverifiableproprietary
valueattachedthereto,ithasbecomenecessarytofindprotectioninstrumentsother
thanthosethathavebeusedinrelationtoprivacyprotectionsofar.
Asadigitalsinglemarketisbeingformed,theexistenceanddevelopmentof
whichisconditionedonaccesstopersonaldataandthepossibilityofusingitfor
commercialpurposes,omittingtheproprietaryaspectoftheprotectionofthisright
fortheindividualssuchdatarelatestoshouldberegardedasfailuretoaddressthe
needtoensurethebalanceofrightsforeconomicoperators,forifpersonaland
pseudonymiseddatahasanyproprietaryvalue,which,consideringtheprioritiesof
Europeanpolicyinvolvingthegrowthofdata-driveneconomyseemsindisputable,
itshouldbefinallyconcludedthatthecatalogueofprotectivemeasuresavailable
totheindividualssuchdatarelatestoshouldbecommensuratewiththetypeand
natureoflegallyprotectedproperty.
Hence,theobservationseemsjustifiedthatthetradebetweenparticipantsof
thedigitalsinglemarkethasbeenenteredbybothpersonaldataorpersonaldata
filesanddataalone.24Atthesametime,however,mostsuchdataistheresultof
pseudonymisation.So,althoughthedefinitionofpersonaldatahasnotbasically
changed,thecatalogueofthepowershasbeenmodifiedwhichmakeupthe
dataprotectionisalsoadoptedinnationalandinternationalregulations(seeJBarta,RMarkie-
wicz,Ochronadanychosobowych.Komentarz,Cracow2007,page116).
23
JBarta,RMarkiewicz,Ochronadanychosobowych.Komentarz,Cracow2007,page54.
24
Tenotionofdataisdefinednegatively,foritistermedasCdataotherthanpersonaldata
referredtoinarticle4item1ofRegulation(EU)No.2016/679’(article3clause1ofthedraf
Non-PersonalDataRegulation).
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