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ChapterI.Roadaccidentriskmanagement
phenomenaandpersonsposingthreatontheroad)mayreducethelevelof
risk,forexamplebyapresenceofatramcpolicemanonanintersectionwith
faultytramclights.Onlystrongandstableanti-victimisationapproachesmay
bethepremisesforimprovementofroadusersafetyconditions.Notmen-
tioningtemporaryattitudesthat-contrarytoanti-victimisationapproaches
-lackproperreactionforceconcerningtheitemandveryshortdurability.
merearethreebasiccomponentswithintheseapproaches:cognitive,
emotional-motivationalandbehavioural51.mecognitivecomponentof
anti-victimisationapproach(whichconcernsthedangerresultingfrom
participationintramcsituation)consistsoftheindividual)sknowledgere-
gardingpossiblesourcesofdangeraswellasconvictionsregardingpossible
consequencesandrisklevelsthattheroaduserisexposedtoinconditions
ofdanger.mecognitiveelementalsoembracestheknowledgeconcerning
methodsofavoidingcertaindangeraswellastheopportunityofminimis-
ingpossiblelosseswhenthedangerpreventionturnedoutimpossible.me
emotionalelementofroaduseranti-victimisationapproacheswouldconsist
ofanykindofnegativeemotionstowardspotentialsourcesofdangersuchas
anxiety,fear,fright,dismayaswellasanger,irritation,infuriationorvengeful
desire.Ontheotherhand,thisapproachwouldembracepositiveemotions
suchasjoy,hopeorgratituderelatedtotheattitudetowardsphenomena
andpersonsthatcontributetoavoidingorminimisingthelevelofdanger.
However,thebehaviouralelementofroaduser)santi-victimisationapproach
wouldprimarilyembracethebehavioursaimingatavoidingdanger,avoid-
ingitsrealisationintheshapeofroadaccident,or-atworst-reducingthe
amountoflosses.
Beingapartofroadtramccausesdangerthatmayberelatedtolossof
certainvaluesappreciatedbytheperson.mepersonmayadoptoneoftwo
anti-victimisationapproaches:task-orientedattitudeordefensiveattitude.
Adoptionoftask-orientedattitudeleadstotreatingdangerasaproblemto
solve,objectivedimcultyrequiringeńortsintensificationandchangeoftac-
ticsaswellasusingintellectual,physicalandsocialopportunitiesinorderto
realisetheideathatenablessolvingtheproblem-avoidingthedanger52.An
51
T.Tomaszewski,Główneideewspółczesnejpsychologii,Warszawa1984,pp.43-70.
52
Cf.A.Frączek,M.Końa,Frustracjaistrespsychologiczny[in:]Psychologia,ed.T.To-
maszewski,Warszawa1975,p.629ń.
