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M.Krzykawski,Z.Szatanik:GenderStudiesł
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Thefourthchapterofthecollection,titled“GenderandFeministDiscourses,”
beginswithBuataB.Malela’s“Discourslittéraireetpenséeféministe.DeSi-
monedeBeauvoiràSimoneSchwarz-Bart.”Maleladrawsthereader’sattention
totherelationshipbetweentheGuadeloupianwriter’sperceptionofthesocial
relationsbetweenthesexes,andthefeministthoughtrepresentedherebySimone
deBeauvoir,SuzanneLilarandMoniqueWittig.Therelationshipisparticularly
interestingwhenoneconsidersSchwarz-Bart’scomplexidentity1ofawoman,
anAntillean,aFrench,andafeminist.
In“Femmesetfrancophones.Pourundépassementdesmarginalitésdans
lesconstructionsgenrées,”HélèneBarthelmebsanalysesliteraryconstructions
offemininityintheworksofthreefrancophonewomenwriters:AssiaDjebar,
AliceRivazandAnneHébert.OnthebasisoftheoreticaltextsbyIrigaray,Cix-
ous,andChodorow,theauthorcontendsthattobea(doublymarginalized)fran-
cophonewomanwriterisinitselfatransgressiveact.Literaryspacebecomes
aconqueredspaceinwhichwomen’sidentitiesareconstructed.
ChristinaBrassard’s“FolledeNellyArcan(2004):les‘déterminationsbio-
logiques’danslaconstructionidentitairemasculine”discussesaheteronorma-
tive,masculineidentityonthebasisoftheanalysisofamasculinecharacter’s
discourseaspresentedbyafemalenarratorinNellyArcan’sFolle.Brassard
comparesthediscourseofbiologicaldeterminism(representedbyNancyHou-
ston)tothediscourseofgender,inwhichgenderisviewedasaresultofa“styl-
izedrepetitionofactions”(JudithButler).
Anopeningpaperofthefifthchaptertitled“GenderinCultureandSoci-
ety”isAdelineGargam’s“Lesâgesdel’intelligencefémininedanslestextes
scientifiquesetlittérairesduXVIII
esièclefrançais:élémentsd’unethéoriean-
drocentrique.”ThepaperexaminesscientifictextsoftheEnlightenment,aswell
astheirinfluenceonphilosophicalandliteraryworksoftheperiod.Theexami-
nationshowshowthesediscourseshelpedincreatingtheandrocentricvisionof
women’sintellectwhichisdependentontheirontogenesis.VoltaireorMarivaux
donotdenywomenthereasoningcapability,butmakeitafullymasculinedis-
position.
TomaszWysłobocki’s“QuellefemmepourlaRépublique?Lethéâtrerévolu-
tionnaireetlesreprésentationsdelaféminité”discussesrepresentationsoffemi-
ninityintheFrenchtheatreduringtheReignofTerror(179311794).Thethe-
atreatthattimeaimedtopopularizenewmoralityshapedbyJacobeanpolitics,
whichiswhytheimagesofawomanitpromotedservedthisspecificideology.
Apartfromthecultofmarriageandfamilylife,thetheatricalplaysalsodealt
withthematterofdivorce,whichcan,asWysobłockiasserts,beinterpretedas
asteptowardswomen’sliberationfrompatriarchalpower.
Thelastarticleinthischapter,Anne-MarieDionne’s“Laféminitédans
lalittératuredejeunessedelanguefrançaiseauCanada.Uneanalysede
l’incomparableMademoiselleCharlotte”analysesyoungadultliteratureofQue-
