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PartI.ACONSTRUCTIVISTAPPROACHINHOUSINGSTUDIES
thesisemphasised,aboveall,analysingthesphereofconsumptioninhousing.
TheresearchincludedinthistrendmaybeexemplifiedbyDavidDonnison
(1967)andMichaelHarloe(1995).
Forinstance,DavidDonnison(1967)associatedthedevelopmentofhousing
policyinhighlydevelopedcountrieswiththeirlevelofeconomicdevelopment.
Accordingtohim,statesgraduallymovefromanembryonictosocial,and
subsequentlytoacomplexhousingpolicymodel.Statestendtoengageinhousing
policymoreandmore,whichaffectsthediversificationofitsinstruments.The
levelofsatisfyingpeople,shousingneedsincreasestogetherwiththeimproving
economicsituation.Therelationsbetweentheprivatesectorandthepublic
sectorarebalanced.
Inturn,MichaelHarloe(1995),havinganalysedthedevelopmentofthe
socialrentedhousingstockinhighlydevelopedcountries,determinedthat
statesaimatreducingthestockforrent,givingitamoresocialcharacter.
Theseactionsresulted,ontheonehand,fromageneraldeteriorationinthe
economicsituationsincethe1980sandsocialcuts.Ontheotherhand,the
state,sinterventionontherentedhousingmarketbecamesuperfluousdue
totheinvolvementofprivatecapitalinhousinginvestments.Housingpolicy
instrumentsremaineddiverse,buttheywerelargelymovedtotheprivatesector
(e.g.aconsiderable,yetprivatetenementstock).Satisfyingpeople,shousing
needsgraduallybegantobeinterrelatedwithprivatesolutions.
Simultaneously,sincetheturnofthe19thand20thcenturies,housing
researchhastakenintoaccountthesocialfunctionsofone,slivingenvironment.
Theseviewsmaybeconsideredashumanistictheses.Agroupofresearchers
connectedwiththistrendhaveassumedaconstructiviststance,thustheir
workswillbediscussedlaterinthiswork,togetherwiththedepictionofthe
constructivisttrendinhousingstudies.Peopleandtheirsocialneedsareplaced
intheforeground.Itisthemanwhomsocialestatesaresupposedtoserve
(Syrkus1976)andforwhomgardencities(Howard1902)aredesigned.The
complexityofpeople,sneedsisreflectedinthehousingcooperativemovement.
Decentlivingconditionsaresaidtorespecthumandignity,andsocialactors
connectedwithallsectorsoftheeconomyareobligedtoprovidethese
conditions(examplesofactivitiesconsistentwiththeaboveassumptionsin
housingarethefollowing:LeFamilistère(SocialPalace)byGodin;Aphalanstère
(phalanstery)byFourier,whomtheideaoftheRadiantCitybyLeCorbusier
referredto;KoloniaWawelberga(Wawelberg’sColony)inWarsaw).Thistrend
isalsoassociatedwithresearchfocusedonsocialaspectsofhousing,including
housingissuesinanalysesconcerningsocialneedsandlivingconditions(e.g.
LucynaFrąckiewicz,WitoldNieciuński).Inthiscontext,theissueofsatisfying
