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16
0.Introduction
recentlyaccepted(basedonmorethoroughstudiesofthesourcematerialthan
inSchaefer)swork)inthemonographofRalphKimmerle.
12
Oneyearaferthe
publicationofCawkwell)sarticle,JonLendonpickedupsomeimportantthreads
ofKagan)sreasoning(thenegationofconstitutionalcharacteroftheassemblies
ofalliesandapragmaticinterpretationofatleastsomeofthepoliticalactions).
13
FollowingCawkwell,DavidYatesacceptedthedistinctionbetweenthearchaic
andtheclassicalSpartansymmachy.
14
Finally,intwoimportantarticlesSarah
Bolmarcichoverturnedthetraditionalistimageofhistoricalandlegalsequence
ofthealliances(thePeloponnesianLeague-theHellenicLeague-theDelian
League),pointingoutthattherulesorganisingSparta)srelationswithatleastsome
ofitsallieswerederivativeoftherulesgoverningtherelationsbetweenAthens
anditsDelianLeagueallies.Moreover,Bolmarcichpresentedseriousarguments
foracknowledgingadiversecharacterofSparta)srelationswithitsallies.
15
Tecontributionsdiscussedabovewerenotmeanttocreateaneworthodoxy.
Teircommondenominatoristhedeconstructionofthetraditionalistmodelby
questioningitsfundamentalassumptions.
Tefirstpremiseconcernsthenatureofthesources.Tetraditionaliststakeit
forgrantedthatthescantyhistoriographicalsources,inspiteoftheirchronologi-
caldistancefromtheeventstheydescribe(thisconcernsHerodotusinparticular),
constitutearelativelyfaithfulreflectionofthepoliticalrealitiesofthesixthand
earlyfifhcenturies,and/orthatwehaveatourdisposalanepigraphicdocumen-
tation(transmitteddirectlyorindirectly)whichpertainstotheserealities(espe-
ciallytreatieswithTegeansandAitolians).Tisgivesrisetoahistoricalpremise:
byjuxtaposingtheallegedpiecesofinformationaboutthearchaicinterstaterela-
tionsofSpartawiththemoreextensiveanddetaileddatapertainingtotheclas-
sicalperiodandbyobservingsimilaritiesintheimagesoftheSpartanalliance,
thescholarsbecomeconvincedthatthestructuresofthesymmachyremained
unchangedwiththepassageoftime,or,moreprecisely,thatthesymmachyas
weknowitfromtheperiodofthePeloponnesianWarhadalreadyexistedinthe
sameformonehundredyearsearlier.Atthesametime,sincetheSpartansym-
machyappearstobeauniformpoliticalentityduringthePeloponnesianWar,also
theimageofauniformpatternofrelationsbetweenSpartaandthealliesispro-
jectedontothearchaicperiod.Tis,inturn,resultsinalegal-historicalconstruc-
tion:ifthestructureofthePeloponnesianLeaguehadnotchangedbetweenthe
12
Cawkwell(1993a),Kimmerle(2005).
13
14
15
Lendon(1994).
Yates(2005).
Bolmarcich(2005)and(2008).
