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I.Introduction.KScratchingtheSurface»
bytheRestorationadapters.Allverbalechoes,nomatterhowunobtrusive,
are,accordingtoMortonBloomfield,proofofthestealthyNachlebenof
ShakespeareintheEnglishlanguage.Thisafterlife,ifthematised,re-
quiresaspecialapproach;KthestudentoftheNachlebenismoreinterested
intheoverwritingtheoriginaltexthasexperiencedduringitsexisten-
ce.»27TheideaoftheNachlebenofagreatauthorwiththeattendantno-
tionsandphenomenaofcanonicityandmonumentalityanswersverywell
toourworkinghypothesishere,ofShakespeare9sshadowpresenceinthe
Gothicfictionsanddramas,bothinthesenseoftheimmortalShake-
speare9ssurvivalinanother9sliteraryworkbutalsointhesensemorebe-
fittingGothic,thatShakespeare9sghosts,whichneverreleasedtheirspec-
tralgripontheeighteenth-centuryaudience,wererevivedintheworks
ofWalpoleandRadcliffe.
Asweshallsee,functionswhichBloomfieldassignstoquotingandal-
luding,namelythoseofself-aggrandizing,gainingauthority,archaizing,
andKbringingthepasttothepresent,»28arefulfilledbysuchdirectappro-
priationsofShakespeareastheepigraph.However,asMargretadeGrazia
hasshowninaninfluentialessayonKShakespeareinquotationmarks,»
theusesofquotationmarkschangedsubstantiallyintheeighteenthcen-
tury.29Whileinhiseditionoftheplaysin1725AlexanderPopeusedquo-
tationmarksonthemargintosignalKshiningpassages,»incollectionsof
KbeautiesofShakespeare»publishedlaterinthecenturytheyincreas-
inglyservethepurposeoftyingShakespeare9slanguagetowhatShake-
spearemighthavethoughtandhowShakespearemighthavefelt.With
theromanticpoets,quotationshavebecomeascommonastheirvariants,
theallusionandtheecho,andwereemployedasKameansofassimilation
ofShakespeareinto[one9s]owndiscourse.»30CharlesLamb9seulogytoMrs.
Siddons,thenonpareilLadyMacbeth,madeupalmostentirelyofverbal
borrowings,wherenoquotationmarksareused,isagoodillustrationof
suchassimilation:
MRSSIDDONS
AswhenachildonsomelongWinter9snight
AffrightedclingingtoitsGrandam9sknees
27MortonBloomfield,KQuotingandAlluding:ShakespeareintheEnglishLangu-
age,»in:G.B.Evans,ed.,Shakespeare:AspectsofInfluence(Cambridge,Mass.andLon-
don:HarvardUniversityPress,1976),3.
28Bloomfield,KQuotingandAlluding,»13.
29MargretadeGrazia,KShakespeareinQuotationMarks,»in:Marsden,ed.,Ap-
propriationofShakespeare,57ff.
30DeGrazia,KShakespeareinQuotationMarks,»65.
