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THEARTISTICTRADITIONSOFNON-EUROPEANCULTURES
VOL.7/8
editedbyEwaKamińska,BeataRomanowicz,AleksandraGörlich
KasuyaAkiko
KyotoCityUniversityofArt
HistoryofmuseuminJapan
andthecharacterofitscollection
Abstract:InJapan,Buddhisthallshousingvarioustreasurescanbeviewedinabroadsense
astheprecursorsofmuseums.In756,Shōsōinwasestablishedtohouseitemsbelonging
tothelateEmperorShōmu.DuringtheKamakuraPeriod(1185-1333),samuraihouse-
holdstookpowerinplaceofthecourt,anddecorationoftokonomaalcovesfunctioned
liketinygalleries.Theshoin-zukuristyleofresidentialarchitecturedevelopedduringthe
Azuchi-MomoyamaPeriod(1573-1603).In1862,astheEdoPeriodwasdrawingtoaclose,
theTokugawaShogunatedispatchedadelegationtoEurope,whichtouredthesecondLon-
donInternationalExhibition.AtthesecondParisInternationalExhibitionin1867,Japan
arrangedtopresentitsownexhibitsforthefirsttime.YoshioTanaka(1838-1916),who
participatedinthisExhibitionsoughttocreateaEuropean-stylemuseuminJapan,and
linkedtheEnglishword“museum”withtheJapanesewordhakubutsukan.InJuly1871
theMinistryofEducationwasestablished,andinSeptemberitsMuseumDepartment
wascreated.TheTaiseidenHallofYushimaSeidōwasordainedasanexhibitionvenue.
In1873themuseumwastransferredtoYamashita-monnaiandthisbuildingwasthefirst
European-stylenationalmuseuminJapan.TōkyōMuseumopeneditsdoorsinMarch
1881andsoonitwasrenamedtheImperialMuseum.AdditionalImperialMuseumswere
openedinNarain1895andKyōtoin1897.Afterthewarthemuseumswereshiftedfrom
theauspicesoftheImperialhouseholdtothatofthenationalgovernment.Thispapertraces
thehistoryofJapanesemuseumdevelopmentfromthefirstgenerationofEuropean-style
museumsuntillnow.
Keywords:museuminJapan,hakubutsukan,bijutsukan,NationalMuseum,World)sFair
Introduction
ThispaperdiscussesthehistoryandthenatureofthecollectionsofJapanesemuse-
ums(bothbijutsukan,美術館artmuseums,andhakubutsukan,博物館-amore
generaltermencompassingmuseumsofnaturalhistory,science,andsoforth).
