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PartOne
Theoreticaloverview
Introductionandtheresearchobjectives
Theabilityofanorganismtoreproduceensuresthesustainablespecies
existence.Alifecycleofspecimensformingapopulationisdetermined,toacertain
extent,bygeneticfactors.Ageneticprogram,however,includesabroadscaleof
possibledevelopmentroutes,andtheoneultimatelyfolloweddepends,toalarge
extent,onconditionsinwhichagivenspecimendevelops(Andrzejewski,Falińska
1986;Falińska1990).Thesurvivalandthedevelopmentofanorganismare
conditionedbothbyabioticandpopulationfactors.Theextentofsatisfactionby
theenvironmentofliferequirementsofindividualsdeterminestheirgrowthrate,and
alsotheefficiencyofreproduction.
Theefficiencyofpropagationisaffectedmainlybyindividualfertility,aswell
asbyprogenyviabilityuntilthereproductivestage(Rabotnow1985;Seidling,
Starfinger,Stocklin1994).Thesurvivalofindividualsandtheirreproductivesuccess
isaconsequenceofspeciesbiologicaltraitsmodifiedbynaturalselection,aswellas
miscellaneousadaptationstrategies(Falińska1977).Somepopulationsrespondto
deterioratinglifeconditionswithincreasedreproductioncapacity.However,after
exceedingacertainlevelofthreat,reproductiondoesnottakeplaceatall(Fitter,
Hay1991;Kőrner2003).
Aspeciesisnotastablebeingandundergoesconstantirregularchanges.Itis
notpossibletostudyabiologicalcross-sectionofthewholespecies,sousuallyonly
fragmentsofpopulationsarestudied.Thesepopulationsaredynamicsetsof
individualsandthechangesinvariationoftheirmorphologicalandgeneticfeatures
aretheessenceoftheevolutionarychanges(Grodziński,Weiner,Maycock1984;
Lorek1993).Individualsarecharacterisedbyacertainnumberofconstantfeatures
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