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T
HEDEVELOPMENTOFWORDRECOGNITIONINREADINGINLOWERPRIMARYPOLISHLEARNERSOFENGLISH
hercreationandtheyareboundtoinfluencehowthereaderunderstandstheirtext
(p.15).Variousdefnitionsofreadingustemfromthesamebasicassumption:that
successfulcomprehensionemergesfromtheintegrativeinteractionofderivedtext
informationandpreexistingreaderknowledge”(Koda,2004,p.4).
1020LOWER-LEVELPROCESSESINREADING:THECRUCIALROLEOF
WORDRECOGNITION
Thefollowingsectionisdevotedtothediscussionconcerninglower-level
processesinreading,thatiswordrecognitionandintegration,semanticproposition
encodingandtheroleofworkingmemoryinattendingtoprint.Fluentword
recognition,whichremainsattheheartofthisbook,isdiscussedatdepthas
triggeringtextcomprehension.
102010WORDRECOGNITION–THEIMPORTANCEOFAUTOMATICITyAND
SPEEDOFPROCESSING
Wordsformthebasisofalanguage,whetherinitsoralorwrittenform,so
identifyingprintedwordsmustplayanessentialroleinunderstandingwritten
language(Adelman,2012;Cain,2010;Koda,2004).Forster(2012)explainsword
recognitioningeneraltermsasufndingamatchbetweenacodedversionofthe
inputstimulusandaninternalizedlexicalrepresentation”(p.52).AccordingtoKoda
(2004)uwordrecognitionreferstotheprocessesofextractinglexicalinformation
fromgraphicdisplaysofwords”(p.29).AnexpandeddefnitionisgivenbyGrabe
(2009),whopositsthattorecogniseaword
areadermustrecognizethewordformsonthepageveryrapidly,activatelinks
betweenthegraphicformandphonologicalinformation,activateappropriate
semanticandsyntacticresources,recognizemorphologicalaffixationinmore
complexwordforms,andaccesshisorhermentallexicon.(p.22)
Despiteactivatingsomanycognitivesub-processes(6componentprocesses’in
Grabe’sterm),maturereadersrecognisewordsinamannerseeminglysoeffortless
thattheyareconsidereduextraordinarywordrecognizers”(Grabe,2009,p.23).
Theelaboratenatureofvisualwordrecognitionhasbeenacentralpointofinterest
tobothreadingresearchersandpsychologists(Koda,2004).
Itiswidelyagreedthattheabilitytorecognisewordsprintedonapage,referred
toalsoaswordidentification,isofcrucialimportanceinreading(Adams,1990;
Grabe,2009;Hedgcock&Ferris,2009;Stanovich,1996).Besner&Humphreys
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