The Hasmoneans and their State. A Study in History, Ideology, and the Institutions

Edward Dąbrowa

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978-83-233-2821-6

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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2009

Liczba stron:

214

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ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

. The Hasmoneans and their State. A Study in History, Ideology, and the Institutions. Red. Dąbrowa, Edward . Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2009, 214 s. ISBN 978-83-233-2821-6

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A2 Dąbrowa, E.

T1 The Hasmoneans and their State. A Study in History, Ideology, and the Institutions

PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

PP Warszawa

YR 2009

SN 978-83-233-2821-6

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 2034, author = "", editor = "Dąbrowa, Edward", title = "The Hasmoneans and their State. A Study in History, Ideology, and the Institutions", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego", year = "2009", address = "Warszawa", isbn = "978-83-233-2821-6" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU -

ED - Dąbrowa, Edward

TI - The Hasmoneans and their State. A Study in History, Ideology, and the Institutions

PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

CY - Warszawa

PY - 2009

SN - 978-83-233-2821-6

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

. Red. Dąbrowa, Edward. The Hasmoneans and their State. A Study in History, Ideology, and the Institutions [baza danych online] Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2009 [dostęp: 23 07 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/the-hasmoneans-and-their-state-a-study-in-history-ideology-and-the-edward-dabrowa-2034.

historia starożytna, electrum

The history of the Hasmoneans has long caused disputes among scholars, who are far from agreement about the chronology of events, their importance, and the identities of all their actors. There are no indications that such doubts will be resolv...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-233-2821-6

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Rok wydania:

2009

Liczba stron:

214

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Introduction8
Abbreviations10
Part I: Judea under the Hasmonaeans (167?63 BCE)14
1. Mattathias and Judah: In Defense of the Ancestors Religion14
2. Jonathan and Simon: A Strategy for Independence43
3. John Hyrcanus: Securing Independence and the Rise of Expansionist Policy68
4. Hasmonean Kings85
I: The Ruler106
Part II: The Institutions of the Hasmonean State106
1. The Royal Priesthood or the Priestly Monarchy107
2. The Priesthood108
3. The Kingship113
4. Succession118
5. The Royal Family124
6. The Court127
7. The Capital City131
8. The Palace and the Baris133
9. Propaganda and Self-Presentation135
A. Individual Propaganda135
a. Self-Presentation135
b. Coinage137
B. Dynastic Propaganda139
II. The State148
1. Local Administration148
2. Finances153
3. Army160
Part III: Society168
1. Judean Society during Hasmonean Rule168
2. The Hasmoneans and their Critics174
3. Social Attitudes Toward the Hasmoneans184
Conclusions188
Bibliography191
Index of Personal Names213

PARTI:JUDEAUNDERTHEHASMONAEANS(167–63BCE)

isnowclearthatinhisworkheusednotonlytheChurchHistoryofEusebius,another

well-knownChristianhistorian,butalsosomeunknownrecords.Thankstothem,his

accountoftheperiodinquestionprovidesinformationdifferentincontentfromwhat

weknowfromotherextantsources.18

TheofﬁcialhistoryoftheHasmoneanfamilybeginsin167andremainsinclose

connectionwithdevelopmentsthatcametopassinJerusalemandJudeaintheperiod

ca.175–167.19ThosedevelopmentsresultedfromtheattemptedintroductioninJudea

ofasocialandreligiousmodelalongGreeklines,pursuedinthenameofAntiochus

IVEpiphanes,kingofSyria(cf.1Macc1:12).Notwithstandingthetraditionpreserved

inJewishsources,hewasnot,however,therealauthororproponentofsuchchanges.20

Therearemanyindicationsthatthedrivingforcebehindtheinitiativecamefroman

inﬂuentialgroupofJudeaninhabitantsconventionallydescribedasHellenists.21Com-

posedofmembersofvarioussocialcircles,includingreligiousones,itstrovetotighten

thepoliticalandculturalbondsbetweentheJudeansandtheSeleucids.22Asameans

tothatend,theHellenistsusedbriberytosecurethepositionofthehighpriestatthe

18Inthepastdecadeorso,Synkellos’workhasbecomethesubjectofmanyanalysesandcriticalstud-

ies;cf.Adler/Tufﬁn2002:lxxxff.Ithasalsobeenrepublishedinanewcriticaledition,basedonwhich

anEnglishtranslationhasbeenmade:Adler/Tufﬁn2002.FortheoriginalityofSynkellos’workrelativeto

earlierChristianauthors,notablyEusebius,andthesourcesheused,seeSchwartz1990:1ff.;Adler/Tufﬁn

2002:lxff.

19Useofthisnameisjustiﬁedbythefactthatthehistoryandroleofmembersofthisfamilyinstrug-

glesagainsttheSeleucidsareonlyknownfrom1Macc.Thefewreferences,ormereallusions,tosome

membersofthatfamily,especiallytoJudahMaccabee,canalsobefoundinothersources(2Maccand1

Enoch).Exceptionalamongthemis2Macc,inwhichJudahMaccabee(2Macc5:27;8:1)andhisbrothers

(2Macc2:19;8:22–23;10:19.22;14:17)arerepeatedlymentionedasheroesofbattlesagainsttheSeleucids.

However,noneofthosereferencesprovidesinformationontheirfamily.Asweareunabletoverifyall

thefactsgivenin1Macc,itspictureoftheﬁrstHasmoneans’achievementsmustbetreatedasonethey

inspiredtobewidelydistributed.

20SeeSievers1990:20n.74.TheargumenttoconﬁrmAntiochusIV’sinvolvementinJudea’sreli-

giousreformwassupposedtobehisintensepropagationofthecultofZeus,forwhomhepersonallyhad

particularreverence.Criticalanalysisofhistoricalsourcesdoesnotbearoutthishypothesis:Mittag2006:

139ff.E.Bickermann(1937)wastheﬁrsttoproposethatthereformoriginatedwithmembersofJewish

communitieswhofavoredHellenizationofJudea.HeclaimedthatatthattimetheJerusalemtemplesaw

replacementofmonotheistworshipwithaHellenizedcultofthegodBaal.Researchersnowtendtoagree

thatitwasZeusworship(2Macc6:2),cf.Breytenbach1997:371ff.;Mittag2006:260,264.Aconvincing

analysisofaccountsconcerningtheHellenisticreligiousreforminJudeaandthehistoricalcontextor

religiouspersecutionduringthatking’sreignwaspresentedbyMittag2006:256ff.,267–268.Cf.Maier

2000:54ff.IngeneralopinionofscholarstheproblemoforiginsoftheMaccabeanmovementismuch

morecomplex,andcannotbeconﬁnedonlytoquestionoftheHellenisticreligiousreform.Therearemany

interpretationswhoseauthorslaystressalsoonpolitical,social,economic,andculturalfactorswhichhad

agreatimpactonsituationinJudeaontheeveoftheuprising,seep.ex.Millar1978:1–28(=Millar2006:

67–90);Bringmann1983;Tcherikover1999[1

stedition1959];Hengel2001[1stGermanedition1969;1st

Englishedition1974];Barag2000/2002:59–76;Mittag2006:225–281.

21Thisterm,althoughconvenientandingeneraluse,doesnotrenderthecomplexitiesinvolvedinthe

group.Foritsdeﬁnitions,cf.Sievers1990:21–22;Pastor1997:197n.31.

22Cf.1Macc1:11.OurattentionisfocusedheremainlyontheeventsrelatedtotheHasmoneanpe-

riod.Forthisreason,otherthansomenecessarybackgroundinformation,weleaveasidepresentationof

theentirepoliticalandsocialsituationinJudeaunderSeleucidrule,andwedonotdiscusshypothesesand

disputesaboutchronologyofeventsintheperiod175–168BCE.Thereisavailableverylargeliterature

offeringmoreinsightintothesequestions,seeBickermann1937;Schürer1985,I:192ff.;Sievers1990:15

ff.;Tcherikover1999;Hengel2001;Brutti2006:175ff.;Mittag2006:225ff.

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