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RadicalandPopulistEuroscepticPartiesatthe2014EuropeanElections
aswasnoticeableintheFrenchcase,11althoughtheFNwasnottheonly
radicalrightpartytotopthepollintheirrespectivecountries.Indeed,the
DanishPeople’sPartyrankedfirstinDenmark,withmorethan25%ofthe
votes,anddoubleditsseatsintheEP.AndtheAustrianFreedomPartybecame
third,withalmost20%ofthevotes.NewpopulistandEuroscepticparties
emergedinsomecountries,attestingamajorchangeinthelevelofsupport
fortheEU.GoldenDawninGreece,andtheNationalDemocraticPartyof
Germany,gainedaccesstotheEP,withthreeandoneseatsrespectively.
However,thesuccessofpopulistandradicalrightpartiesisfarfrom
beingalinearandclear-cutprocess.Notably,radicalrightpartiesfared
lesswellintheCentralandEasternEuropeancountries.OnlyJobbikin
HungaryandtheNationalAllianceinLatvia(whichincludedtheradical
rightFatherlandandFreedomParty)managedtoremainstableorgainvotes.
Jobbikendedsecondattheelections,withalmost15%,andkeptitsthree
seats.TheNationalAlliance“AllforLatvia”becamethesecondpartyof
thecountry,with14%ofthevotes.ElsewhereinCEE,inBulgaria(Ataka),
Romania(theGreaterRomanianParty)andSlovakia(theSlovakNational
Party),radicalrightpartieslosttheirseatsintheEP.Thisshifttowards
WesternEuropeintermsofradicalrightrepresentationinStrasbourgisnot
surprising,giventhegeneralhostilityofsuchpartiestowardstheEU’spolicy
offreedomofmovementand,withit,thescapegoatingofCEEmigrantsin
theiranti-immigrantandanti-EUdiscourse.Similarly,countriesthathave
beenhitthehardestbythecrisisandhaveexperiencedtheworstofausterity
(Italy,Portugal,Spain,IrelandandGreece)havenotseenasignificantriseof
farrightparties,withtheexceptionofGreece.12
Overall,thenumberofradicalrightMEPsrosewith,accordingtoMudde13
“arecord52MEPs,upby15seatssincethe2009election,”althoughthese
calculationsexcludetheFinnsPartyandtheNationalAllianceinLatvia,both
ofwhichcouldarguablybeincludedinthisgroup.Inspiteoftheriseinthe
numberofradicalrightparties,ittookalmostayeartoMarineLePen,the
leaderoftheFrenchFNtoachieveherstatedaimofformingatransnational
groupingoflike-minded“pan-European”nationalistMEPs.Duringthefirst
yearofthelegislativeterm,therewasaninformalcoordinationamongmost
11
N.Brack,N.Startin,op.cit.
12
D.Halikiopoulou,S.Vasilopoulou,op.cit.;D.Halikiopoulou,S.Vasilopoulou,“Greece:
TheRiseofGoldenDawn,”in:TheNewFacesofPopulism,FEPS,Brussels,2013.
13
C.Mudde,“TheFarRightandtheEuropeanElections,”CurrentHistory,March2014.
ThePolishQuarterlyofInternationalAffairs,2015,no.2
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