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CONTENTS
ARTICLES
MichałMarcinKobierecki
SportasaToolforStrengtheningaPoliticalAlliance:
TheCaseoftheEasternBlocduringtheColdWar.................7
TheaimofthearticleistoinvestigatesportsexchangeswithintheEastern
Blocfromtheperspectiveoftheirdiplomaticsignificance.Suchexchanges
wereintendedtostrengthenthealliancebygeneratingfriendshipbetweenthe
societiesofitsmemberstates.Thisobjectivewasnotfulfilled,andpositive
sportsdiplomacybetweenthecommuniststatesfailed.Thearticleproves
thehypothesisthattheuseofsporttostrengthentheEasternBlocshould
notbeassociatedexclusivelywiththeinterestsoftheSovietUnion,butwith
thoseofthecommunistgovernmentsofthealliedcountriesingeneral.The
investigationalsosoughtthereasonsforthefailureofthewholeinitiative.
ArthurdeLiedekerke
TheParamilitaryPhenomenoninCentralandEasternEurope.......25
Oneofthelesspublicisedconsequencesofthegeopoliticalturmoilthathas
cometocharacteriserecentyearshasbeenthesurgeinthepopularityof
paramilitaryunitsacrossCentralandEasternEurope(CEE).Although
thegroupsoperatinginthisregionshareanumberoffeatures,including
militarytraining,uniforms,andinsomecasesaccesstoweapons,they
havevaryingdegreesofstatesupportandlegitimacy,dependinglargelyon
thenatureoftheperceivedthreatandtheirideologicalfoundations.Inthe
Balticsand,toalesserdegree,inPoland,theseorganisationshavebeena
traditionalfeatureofnationaldefence,orbeenharnessedbytheauthorities
toensuretheyoperateinaccordancewiththelawandwithinthescopeofthe
interestsofstate.InCentralEurope,however,theytendtobexenophobic,
anti-democraticvigilantegroupswiththepotentialtobecomedestabilising
factorsinthelongrun.
EmanuelGregoryBoussios
TerminationorAccountability?TheControversy
overtheUnitedStates’UseofCyberintelligence.................35
ThepaperexploresthedebateovertheroleofUnitedStatesgovernments
inAmericancybersecurity.Thisissuehasbeenbroughttotheattention
ofthebroaderpublicbythecontroversialcaseofEdwardSnowden,who