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MarcinPrzychodniak
stanceintheinternationalarena,includingtightcooperationwiththeU.S.,
characterisesChina’sforeignpolicystrategyunderHuas“keepingalow
profile,”orKLP.19ThereferenceforthatpolicywasmainlyChina’srelations
withtheU.S.wheretheformershouldnotposeachallengetothelatterand
avoid“zero-sumgames.”TheapproachwasmeanttosecureChineseinterests
intheprocessofthecountry’saspirationsfora“nationalrejuvenation”
andpossible(intheeyesofChinesescholars,anunavoidable)clashwith
Americanglobaldominance.20AccordingtoYan,itwasaprofitableconcept,
consideringChina’seconomicgrowth,butafterchangesintheinternational
reality,theincreaseinglobalisationprocessesandChina’sgrowingrole,the
strategybecameineffectiveandlimitedthepossibilitiesofaccomplishing
Chineseinterests.ConfirmationofthefiascoofKLPcameasChina’sfailures
intheinternationalarena,includinginterritorialseadisputeswiththe
Philippines,Japan,andVietnamin2010,aswellastheimplementationof
theU.S.“pivottoAsia”conceptasananswertoChina’sdominationofEast
andSoutheastAsia.Morethanthat,sincetheBeijingOlympicsin2008,there
wasagrowingexpectationintheinternationalcommunityofChinatotake
onmoreresponsibilitytiedtoglobalsecurityissues.KLPwasinthatcontext
perceivedmoreasan“escapeattempt”andaChineserefusaltocopewith
internationalsecurityissuesnotdirectlylinkedtoChina.Thesustainmentof
theargumentthatChinaisstilladevelopingstatewasperceivedasasignof
reluctancetostarteconomicaidtootherstateswithsimilarstatus.21
YanalsorelatestheneedtomodifyKLPtoarealisticviewofhow
themodernworldfunctions.Itviewsanarchyasthenaturalstateofthe
internationalcommunityandsecuritychallengesasunavoidable.22Themain
goalofforeignpolicyistoaccomplishnationalinterests,andpowerinthe
internationalarenaisoneofthetoolstoachievethatgoal.Therivalryover
influenceisa“zero-sumgame,”sostructuralconflictsbetweenacurrent
superpower(U.S.)andrisingone(China)areimpossibletoavoid.That
iswhylashisanalysisgoeslChinanotonlyhaschangedthetoolsit
utilisesbutalsohasmodifieditspreviousforeignpolicystrategy.Yancalls
it“strivingforachievement,”orSFA,andevaluatesthatthisstrategy’s
ochińskiejpolitycezagranicznej,”in:M.Pietrasiak,D.Mierzejewski(eds.),Chiny
wstosunkachmiędzynarodowych,Wyd.NaukoweIbidem,2012,p.7.
19
20
21
22
YanXuetong,op.cit.,p.154.
Ibidem,p.155.
Ibidem,p.156.
Ibidem,p.182.
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ThePolishQuarterlyofInternationalAffairs,2017,no.3
