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1.3.Bloodstorage
1
Alltherulesregardingbloodcollecting,processing,storingandtranspor-
tationareregulatedbyDirective2002/98/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentand
theCouncildated27thJanuary2003settingstandardsforqualityandsafety
forthecollecting,testing,processing,storinganddistributionofhumanblood
andbloodcomponentsandamendingDirective2001/83/EC.Thisdirective
presentsthesafetyandqualitystandardsforthebloodanditscomponents
duringeachstageofthebloodtransfusionprocedure.Itreferstotheactivities
involvedincollectingandtestingofhumanbloodanditscomponents,regar-
dlessofitsfinalpurpose,aswellastheirprocessing,storinganddistribution,
ifitisneededforthetransfusion.Thisdirectivewascreatedintheresponseto
thedemandsregardingpublichealth,aswellasgoodfunctioningoftheinter-
nalmarket-place,thankstomakingtheexchangeofproductspossibleamong
thecountriesofEuropeanUnion.
Theproceduresappliedwhencollecting,processing,storingandtrans-
portingthebloodandthebloodcomponentsaresupposedtokeeptheirvia-
bilityaswellasthefunctionsofeachofthebloodcomponents,preventing
anyphysicalchangesthatwoulddestroythesecomponentsandreducingthe
bacterialprocesses.Asitisknown,thecomponentsofthebloodareredblo-
odcells(erythrocytes),whitebloodcells(leukocytes)andplatelets(throm-
bocytes),whicharesuspendedinthebloodplasma-liquid,acellularblood
fraction.Theredbloodcellscontainhaemoglobin,whichhasanextremely
importantfunctionforthebody,becauseittransportstheoxygen.Thewhite
bloodcellsconstituteaveryimportantlineofdefencefrompathogenicmi-
croorganisms.Theplateletsfulfilakeyroleinhaemostasis,themechanism
controllingtheprocessesofbleedingandbloodclotting.Thehandbooksof
amanandanimalphysiologygiveuswideinformationaboutit.
Thebloodclottingprocessconsistsofmanysuccessiveandspecificbio-
chemicalreactionswhichintensifyoneachstageandhasacascadingcha-
racter.Eachofthestagesinthissequenceischaracteristic.Thewholesys-
temofbloodclottingwithinaspecificvesselisbasedonstabile“enzymatic
amplification”,thusasmallamountofasubstratemayleadtocreatingthe
largeamountsofthrombinandfibrin[Konturek,2007].Thethrombin,asitis
wellknown,isanenzymeinthebloodplasma,thatgeneratestheformation
ofinsolublefibrinfromasolublefibrinogen,makingthemainstageofblo-
odclottingpossible.Thefibrinisaproteinthatprecipitatesfromtheblood
plasmaduringtheprocessofpolymerisationoffibrinogen’smolecules.The
enzymaticamplificationoftheclottingsystemissubjectedtobothpositive
