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Fromtheauthors
InPolandtheroleofbeaversintheHoloceneevolutionofvalleyswasrec-
ognisedrelativelylate.In2016abookwrittenbyM.Rurek,Z.Śnieszko
andM.MakohonienkotitledContemporaryandfossilbeaverpondsinsmall
rivervalleyontheareaofBory(NorthEuropeanPlain)waspublishedbythe
PublishingHouseoftheKazimierzWielkiUniversityinBydgoszcz.Itcited
arelationshipbetweenthecourseoftheHoloceneevolutionofsmallriver
valleysandbeavercolonization.Aferthebookwaspublished,theteam,
composedofM.Rurek,Z.ŚnieszkoandM.Hojan,continuedfieldwork
anddeskstudies.Sincethe2016editioncontainsonlyabriefsummary
andtitlesoffiguresinEnglish,itwasnotsuitableforreaderswhowerenot
speakersofPolish.TepresentEnglishlanguageversionalsocontainscer-
tainresultsofstudiescarriedoutbyM.RurekandZ.Śnieszkopublishedin
theabove-mentionedPolishbookaswellasmaterialsobtainedasaresult
ofcontinuingtheirstudieswiththeparticipationofM.Hojan.Webelieve
thatthedatacollectedsofarallowsustopresentanewmodeloftheevo-
lutionofsmallrivervalleysthatintheHoloceneperiodwereinhabitedby
beaversinthelastPleistocenedeglaciationzoneintheNorthEuropean
Plain.Teevolutionofmanyvalleyswasdeterminedbythepresenceof
beaversandtheefectofHoloceneclimatechangeswasrelegatedtoasec-
ondaryposition.
InPolandbeaversappearedinthelatePleistocene.IntheMiddleAges
theyweresubjecttospecialprotectioninconnectionwiththeirvaluablefur
andmeatandthecastoreum,thatis,exudatefrombeaver’scastorsacs.In
the11thcentury,BolesławChrobry,kingofPoland,imposedabanonbeaver
