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MartaKoval
LvivRegionalInstituteofPublicAdministration,Lviv,Ukraine
HOWTOMAKESTORIESABOUTTHEIRAQIWAR:
“COMMODIFIED”MEMORYANDETHICALDILEMMAS
OFDEMOCRATICVIOLENCE
NicholsonBaker,snovelCheckpoint(2004),SlavojŽižek,sbookIraq:theBorrowedKettle(2004)
andSusanSontag,sresearchRegardingthePainofOthers(2003)areusedtoexploretherelationship
betweenmediatedexperienceoftheIraqiwarand“commodified”memory(D.LaCapra,sterm).
Sontag,sconceptofaresponsiblerepresentationofpain,Žižek,sideologicalandpoliticalanalysisof
theIraqiwarcontextandpossibleconsequencesandBaker,sfictionalizedemotionalresponsetowar
suferingsofernewinsightsintoacomplexcoexistenceofprivatememoriesandpublicaccounts
andtheethicaldilemmastheyposeforconsumersofinformation.Fromdiferentperspectives,both
SontagandBakerviewmemoryandverbalandvisualrepresentationsofpainasameanstoover-
comeethicalandpoliticalindiferenceanddealwithhypocriticalsympathyandhistoricalamnesia.
“Commodified”memoriescreatedbythemediaanditsre-narrationofauthenticexperienceofthe
participantsandvictimsoftheIraqiwarmodifytheveryconceptofexperienceandbringforward
theissueofsharedknowledgeasanexperience-shapingelement.Iraqturnsintoametaphysicalplace
identifiedwithacertainlocationonearththatiselevatedintoametaphorfordemocraticallyjusti-
edviolenceandhumansufering.Possiblewaystoarticulateandnegotiateethicallyacceptableand
sensibledecisionsaimedathandlingthetraumaticexperiencesthattheparticipantsandobservers
onbothsidesofthewarsharearethefocusofBaker,snovelandSontag,sresearch.Teawareness
oflimitsandethicalchallengesofvisualandverbalrepresentationsofthecontemporarytraumatic
experienceandwar-relatedsuferingsarepresentedasaculturalandmoralnecessityforgettingfrom
thestateofbeingpossessedbymemorytopossessionofmemory.
AsSlavojŽižeknotedinhiscontradictoryandinsightfulbookIraq:theBorrowedKettle
(2004),November9th,1989,whentheBerlinWallfell,“heraldedthezhappyz90s,
,the
FrancisFukuyamadreamofthezendofhistory,
,thebeliefthatliberaldemocracyhad,
inprinciple,won,thatthesearchwasover,thattheadventofaglobal,liberalworld
communitylurkedjustaroundthecorner.”
1
Ontheotherhand,September11
th
became
the“keysymboloftheendoftheClintonitehappyz90s,oftheapproachingerainwhich
newwallsemergeeverywhere.”
2
TeIraqiwarasoneofthebenchmarkingeventsofthe
newepochthatŽižekspeaksaboutraisedarangeofquestions,whichnolongerbelong
1SlavojŽižek.2004.Iraq:theBorrowedKettle.London&NewYork:Verso,51.
2Ibidem,51.