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Dokumentyniepublikowanezlat1991-1994
stabilisationprogrammeofthegovernment.Theneedforrebuildingandexpanding
theinfrastructureofthecountryisafurtherreasontousepublicworks.
3.However,suchpublicworksmustbeseenastemporarymeasurestofillthe
gapbetweentheclosingdownofoldindustryandthecreationofnewjobsinthe
commercialsector.Thereforesuchjobsmustbelessattractivethanotherjobs.For
thisreason,paymenttoworkersshouldberestrictedtothelevelofunemployment
benefitsplusexpenses.
4.Evenwiththislowrateofpayment,andwithcarefulselectionofpublicworks
projectstoavoidworkentailingalotofskilledsupervision/capital,publicworkswill
stillbeexpensive.Therewillnotbeenoughopeningsforalltheunemployed.There-
forepublicworkactivityshouldberestricted
a)tothelong-term(i.e.12monthsormore)unemployed.Thisisbecausethe
long-termunemployedareatthegreatestriskofdemoralisationandattritionofwork
habits,andhavethegreatestdifficultyinfindingotherwork.
b)tosix-monthspells:thisistoensurethatalllong-termunemployedpeopleget
involved.Apersonwhohasbeensixmonthsonaprojectwouldbecomeentitledtoun-
employmentbenefit,attheminimumlevel,forafurthertwelvemonthsthereafter.
5.Theadultlong-termunemployedwouldbeemployedonprojectsofrepairs,
maintenanceandimprovementstopublicbuildings(schools,hospitalsetc.),roads
andpublicinfrastructure,environmentalimprovements,energyconservationmea-
suresandthelike.Themainconcernisthattheseprojectsshouldnotdivertskilled
labour,capitalorotherscarceresourcesfrommoreproductiveuses.Whilethepublic
worksshouldbeuseful,theirmainpurposeistomaintaintheworkhabitsandpro-
ductivityoftheunemployedsoastoensuretheyarereadytotakeupthejobsthatwill
ultimatelybecreatedbyrestructuring.
6.Forschool-leavers,orotheryoungpeople,amongstthelong-termunemployed,
thereisacaseforjobexperienceentailingamoresignificantelementoftraining.The
precisenatureofamodelwhichdealswithPolishlong-termyouthunemploymentcan
onlybedevelopedaftermoreisknownaboutitseducationalcompositionandduration
structure.TheSwedish4youthteam’systemcould,however,providesuchamodel.
Youngpeople4tagalong’withapublicsectorworker,inalocalauthorityorahospital
orwherever,andcanbeassignedstraightforwardtasksbutessentiallycangetthefeel
ofaworkenvironment,andseethecareerstructure,thevalueoftrainingandsoon.
7.Apublicworksprogrammeofthetypedescribedisthecheapestwayofhold-
ingdownthegrowthinunemployment.Thisisessentiallybecausepeoplearebeing
paidonlytheunemploymentbenefit(plusexpenses)ratherthanthewagewhile
working.Itisalsothemosteffectivewayofpreventingtheemergenceoflong-term
unemployment.
