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Introduction
inhiscourtepicpoem,alsooftheseventhcenturyad,whichconceivesof
thestate,especiallyduringwartime,intermsofalongpoem,andthepolitical
andmilitaryactivityofakingintermsofthecreativeactivityofapoet.An
interestinginterpretationofthevolume’stopicisfoundinapaperbyHermina
Cielas(JagiellonianUniversity,Cracow),4Chess,WarfareandFigurativePoetry
(citrabandha)’,whichexaminestheClassicalSanskritpatternandpicturestanzasl
counterpartsofEuropeancarminafigurata—withaparticularfocusontheir
connectionswithwarfare(sincetheymayrepresentweaponsandothermilitary
equipment,armiesinbattlearraysandthemovementsoftroopsonthebattlefield),
aswellaswiththemorepeacefulconfrontationbetweenadversariesintheold
Indiangameofchess(sincetheymayalsorepresentthemovementsofchess
piecesonthechessboard).Finally,MichaelHahn(UniversityofMarburg),in
hispaper4WarCouncilinŚivasvāmin’sKapphinóbhyudaya:TheJustification
foranExpansionistWarasGiveninŚivasvāmin’sKapphinóbhyudaya’,discusses
asectionofacourtepicpoemfromtheninthcenturyad,wheretheheroKing
Kapphinadecidesonamilitarycampaignagainsthisrivalruler.
TherefollowthreecontributionsbasedonSouthIndian(TamilandMalayalam)
sources,alsoinchronologicalorder.
ApaperbyJaroslavVacek(CharlesUniversity,Prague),4SelectCharacteristics
ofThree4Professional’CommunitiesasReflectedintheSangamWorks’,deals
withtheliteraryimageofthreepotentiallydangerouscommunitiesastheyappear
intwo4regions’(tinai)oftheakam(4privatelife’),andalsooccasionallyinthe
pulam(4publiclife’)typeofTamilSangampoems,namelyhunters(kulavarand
kóṉavar)ofthehillyregion(kuliñci)androbbers(malavar)ofthedesertregion
(pólai).JacekWoźniak(UniversityofWarsaw),inhispaper4Tirumaṅkaiyālvārl
theWarrior,theKing,andtheSaint:TheAutobiographicalNotesfromPeriya
tirumoli1.1’discusses,onthebasisofoneofTirumaṅkaiyālvār’sworks(probably
oftheninthcenturyad)andlaterhagiographies,theunusuallifeofthisTamil
VaiṣnavaBhaktipoetandsaint(ólvór)li.e.hisgradualtransformation,from
awarriorandapettychieftainpronetorobberyandviolence,toanardentdevotee
ofGod.Thepaper4DowntheRiverwithaSong:OnTravel,Transformation,
Space-producing,WarandPeaceintheRiverineTempleCultureofCentral
Kerala’byCezaryGalewicz(JagiellonianUniversity,Cracow),lastinthisgroup,
focusesonatemplenamedAlanmulaPārtthasārathi,locatedonthePampāriver
incentralKerala,todraw,onthebasisofMalayalamtextualsourcesaswellas
contemporaryethnographicobservation,anintricatemapofseveralsystemsof
spacesymbolizationinwhichitparticipates,withaspecialattentiongivento
festivitiesinvolving4templeboats’(palliyōtam)withrichmilitarysymbolism,
andpossiblyofmilitaryorigin.
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