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TomaszWołowiecIntroduction
9
intoaccountthespecificity,commonfeaturesanddińerencesintheconstruc-
tionofincometaxintheanalyzedcountriesaswellastheareas,possibilitiesand
potentialdirectionsofharmonizingthisformoftaxation.Withintheanalysis,
theauthorattemptedatverifyingtheresearchhypothesisstatingthatthereare
economic,politicalandsocialreasonsforharmonizingtaxationofincomeobta-
inedbyindividualswhodonotconductanyeconomicactivityintheEuropean
Unioncountries.Tedissertationprovesthattaxationofpersonalincomesisan
extremelycomplexphenomenonwhichshouldbeanalyzednotonlythroughthe
legalprismbutalsothroughsocial,cultural,economicandpoliticalandconsti-
tutionalprisms.Wecannotisolatetheeconomicspherefromthetaxsphere,as
personalincometaxesdirectlyańecttaxpayers,theirpurchasingpower,theyalso
determinelaborcostsforentrepreneursandthustheysignificantlyinfluencethe
GDPgrowthrate.Harmonizationofdirecttaxesandrelatedtaxcompetitionforce
ustoconsiderfurthertheoreticalandpracticalaspects,suchas:theeńectsthat
harmonizationofdirecttaxeshasonthestateofthebudget;allowablescopeofre-
alizingeconomicrentbyinternationalcorporations;themechanismofre-alloca-
tionofpublicdebtbetweencountriesduetotheabove-mentionedrent;limitation
ofpossibilitiesofdecreasingpersonalincometaxesandtaxesonconsumption
ifharmonizationofdirecttaxesledtodecreasingpublicincomeaswellastheef-
fectoflabormobilityonnationaleconomyattributedtodińerenttaxconditions.
TeanalysisoftheCommunitytaxlawallowsustopresentthethesisthatharmo-
nizationoftheprinciplesofpersonalincometaxationisanextremelydaunting
ifnotimpossibleprocessduetohistorical,political,socialandtechnicalreasons.
TakingintoaccountthedecisionsoftheCourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanUnion
concerningindividuals,theymostlyreferredtodeductionofpersonaltaxreliefs
byindividualswhodonotresideintheEUcountriesanddeductionofretirement
pensionfundcontributionstopensionfundswhoseregisteredseatsareoutside
theEU.AnalystspointoutthatPITonthelocallevelisanessentialinstrument
ofstimulationandregulationfunctionsoftaxation.Dińerentspecificityoflocal
authoritiesattributedtotheirvariedlevelsofdevelopmentrate,historicaland
culturalconditions,makesitimpossibletorationallyharmonizePIT.Tispaper
provesthatpersonalincometaxesdonotańectthefreedomofhumanandcapital
flow,thereforetheirharmonizationisnotdesirablefromthelegalperspective.Te
researchshowsthatonlyseveralaspectsoftaxationcouldbeharmonized,namely:
avoidingdoubletaxation,incomeonsavingsordeterminingthecommonbasefor
taxation,etc.Takingintoaccountthespecificityofpersonalincometaxanddeta-
iledgeneralissuesofpersonalincometaxharmonization,thedissertationproves
thatincaseofpersonalincometaxationwecanonlyexpectthatsystemicsolu-
tionswillconvergeasthedevelopmentofparticularCommunitymember-states
willbelevelingalongwithimprovementsintaxtechniquesandpopularization
ofitsmosteńectivesolutions.