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Preface
Itwaswiththedawnofhistorythatthinkers,philosophersand
common-or-gardenobserversoflifefirstbecameinterestedinthe
phenomenonofthehumanpersonality.Whatintriguedthemwasthe
waythatsomepeopledisplayamarkedsimilarityintheirbehaviour
andattitudesdespitetheirverydifferentlifestoriesandoftendisparate
upbringings.
Observingthis,thethoughtsofmanyturnedtoreflectionsupon
typesofpersonality.Oneofthefruitsofthesemusingswhichremains
populartothisdayisthetypologydevisedbyHippocrates.That
remarkabledoctorandthinkerofancienttimesdistinguishedfour
fundamentaltemperaments;thesanguine,thecholeric,thephlegmatic
andthemelancholic.Historyhasseenmanyanother,equally
interestingendeavourtoidentifyanddescriberecurringpersonality
types.Althoughsomeofthoseattemptsmayseemoversimplifiedwhen
viewedfromacontemporaryperspective,theyplayed
anextraordinarilyimportantroleintheirtime,pavingthewayfor
subsequent,moreextensivecogitationsonthehumanpersonality.
ThetheorydevelopedbyCarlGustavJung(1875-1961),aSwiss
psychiatristandpsychologist,cameasabreakthroughinthefield.
Itwasinstrumentalinpopularisingthenotionofpersonalitytypesand,
asofthetwentiethcentury,itbecamethefoundationbothforthe
formulationofwhatisnowknownasJungiantypologyandforcreating
personalitytestsgroundedinthattypology,theID16TM©testbeing
acaseinpoint1.
Nowadays,personalitytypologiesdrawingonJung’stheoryare
widelyusedinteaching,training,coachingandhumanresource
management,aswellasincareerandrelationshipcounselling.They
alsoformabasisfornumerousprogrammesgearedtowardssupporting
personaldevelopmentandimprovinginterpersonalrelationships.The
majorityofglobalbusinessesemployJungianpersonalitytests
asastandardtoolintheirrecruitmentandvocationaldevelopment
processes.Thispracticewasinitiallyappliedprimarilyincorporations
ofAmericanorigin;however,inrecentyears,ithasbeenenjoying
asteadilygrowingpopularityinEuropeaswell.
Everyyear,thankstoJungianpersonalitytests,millionsofpeople
aroundtheworldareabletoobtainamoreprofoundknowledge
ofthemselvesandofothersand,asaresult,theirlivesandtheir
