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OskarWolski
focusedondifferentaspectsofinclusionversusalienationasperceivedbyanin-
dividual.Digitalisationhelpsincreasequalifications,whichleadstoincreasedself-
esteem(Robertsetal.2017),fostersparticipationinsociallife(Park2004;Dabinett
2000),enrichesleisure-timeactivitiesandprovidesaccesstoinformation,including
itshobby-orienteduse(Malecki2010).Allofthesebenefitscanbeconsideredto
bethoseofanindividualwholivesbothgloballyviavirtualrealityandlocallyvia
aparticularruralsetting.Inthepaper,Iobviouslydonotrefertotheevery-day
benefitswhichweallget-asusersespeciallyoftheinternet,includingthereaders
ofthispaper-bothbecauseofthefactthattheyareplentifulandthatthesebenefits
arecommonandwell-known.
4.OutlineoftheEUDebateonDigitalisationofRuralAreasandAgriculture
TheEuropeanCommissionassociatestheworksondigitalisationofruralareas
andagriculturewithinclusivegrowthandruraldevelopment,includingsmart
ruraldevelopmentandtheSmartVillagesapproach(EC2010a;EC2010b;EC
2017;ENRD2018).Theseminar“Multi-levelstrategiesfordigitisingagriculture
andruralareas”wasanexampleofaresult-orienteddiscussion.Thisisreflected
notonlyinthetitleoftheseminar,butalsointhetopicsdiscussed.Theexperts
didnotconcentrateontheissuesofdigitaldivideinruralareasortheimportance
ofICTsinruraldevelopment,whichweretakenforgranted.Instead,theyfocusedon
framingtheprocessandmakingrecommendationsfordevelopingthestrategies,i.e.
therecommendationsmanageableatdifferentlevelsofplanning,whichmakesthis
seminarstandoutfromotherpreviousinitiatives.Thediscussionwasconductedas
partoftheworktowardsthepost-2020CommonAgriculturePolicy(CAP),whose
reformwassparkedinJune2018whentheECformulatedlegislativeproposals.The
existingproposalshighlightthatplanningtheCAPshouldinclude“adescription
ofthestrategyforthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologiesinagricultureand
ruralareasandfortheuseofthesetechnologiestoimprovetheeffectivenessand
efficiencyoftheCAPStrategicPlaninterventions”(EC2018,p.101;myemphasis).
Theverymulti-levelnatureofstrategiesstemsfromtheapproachadoptedto
shapingEUpolicyingeneral,whichassumesgreatercomplementaritybetween
institutionsworkingatEU,nationalandregionallevels,andresourcesavailable
attheselevels.Atthesametime,theparticipationoftherepresentativesoffarm
business,academia,administrationandpolicymakerswasseentobringadditional
benefitslinkedtocross-sectorcooperation.
Theseminaraimedatpromotingmulti-leveldigitalstrategiesforagriculture
andruralareastakingintoaccountthespecificregionalcontext.Ithadthefollowing
specificobjectives:
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WieśiRolnictwo2(183)/2019
