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32
.
I.Roleandlegalstatusofwomen
onlaw,therebyprohibitingstatebodiesfromactingarbitrarilyandrefersmainly
butnotexclusivelytotheproceduralissues.Healsostressedthattheprocedure
providedforbytheLawonplanningfamilywhichaimsatestablishingwhether
theso-calledsocialreasonsfortheterminationofpregnancyarerelevantand
genuineis,perhapstoaminimalextent,sufficientandpreventstransformationof
theterminationofapregnancyduetotherelevantsocialreasonsintotheabortion
atamother’srequest.
Aftertheabovementioned“abortioncompromise”wassettledinthelegal
system,recentlyagreaterchangeoflawhasappeared.On22ndOctober2020,
theConstitutionalTribunaloftheRepublicofPolandincasefileno.K1/20ruled
thatArticle4aclause1point2oftheLawonfamilyplanning,providingfor
theeugenic(embryopathological)rationalefortheterminationofpregnancy,is
incompatiblewithArticle38ofthePolishConstitution(“TheRepublicofPoland
shallensurethelegalprotectionofthelifeofeveryhumanbeing.”)15andmust
thereforeberemovedfromthelegalsystem16.Therulingwasadoptedbythe
majorityofvotes,followedbytwodissentingopinionsofjudgeLeonKieresand
judgePiotrPszczółkowski.Thejudgementisfinalandincontestable.Afterthe
amendmentcameintoforceon27January2021,Article4aclause2oftheLawon
familyplanningwasrepealed,whichleftonlytwoconditionsforthetermination
ofpregnancyinthePolishlegalorder.
TheproceedingsbeforetheConstitutionalTribunalwereinstigateduponthe
applicationofagroupofdeputiesforthePolishSejmoftheIXterminoffice
whoarguedthatthe“severeandirreversibleimpairmentofthefoetus”enablesthe
terminationofpregnancyinsuchasituationthatitdoesnotinanywaythreatens
lifeofafoetus,itsmentaldevelopmentorlifeorhealthofamother.Accordingto
them,thecircumstancedeterminedintheArticle4aclause1point2oftheLaw
onplanningfamilyasthe“incurablediseasethreateningthelifeofafoetus”leads
totherelevantdifferentiationofthesubjectswhoaresimilarduetothecommon
feature(healthstateofachild).Theapplicantsindicatedthattheadmissibilityof
theterminationofpregnancyduetothehighprobabilityofasevereandirreversible
impairmentofafoetusoritsincurablelife-threateningdisease,andnotduetothe
actualstateofhealth,meanstheadmissionofthepresumptiontothedetrimentof
theconceivedchild.Suchstateisincontradictionwiththeprincipleoftheruling
indubioprovitaehumanaandleadstotheobjectification,depersonalisationand
15
InrelationtoArticle30and31clause3ofthePolishConstitution.
16
JudgementoftheConstitutionalTribunaloftheRepublicofPolandof22ndOctober2020,case
fileno.K1/20,JournalofLawsof2021,item175;OTK-A2021/1,www.trybunal.gov.pl,LEX
no.3071397.
