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CHAPTERI
NewProtectionistTendenciesandInclination
toBilateralismandRegionalism
intheContemporaryForeignTradePolicy
1.Introduction
DifferentpositionsofthememberstatesoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)
especiallydevelopedanddevelopingcountriesandalsoUSA,theEuropean
UnionandJapanrepresentativeswereobservedduringtheDohaRoundoftrade
negotiationsundertheWTO.Theproblemsofagricultureprotectioninthe
developedcountriesforexampleinEuropeanUnionandUSAandalsointhe
developingcountries,werebecomingaseriousobstacleduringthenegotiations.
Thedecisionstakenbytherepresentativesofthegovernmentsparticipatingin
theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)are,toasignificantdegree,influencedby
variouslobbies,suchasorganizationsandunionsoffoodproducersorother
non-governmentalorganizations,includingtradeunions.Theproblemsofmutual
relationsbetweentherepresentativesofgovernmentsandthosenon-governmental
organizationswhichinfluenceonmultilateraltradenegotiationsconductedonthe
forumofWTOarealsothesubjectoftheanalysisintheundertakenresearch
program.DespitetheundeniablebenefitsofthemultilateralWTOforumfortrade
liberalization,therapidincreaseofNorth-SouthbilateralandmultilateralFreeTrade
Areas(FTAs)begsasystematicexplanationforwhysomeforumsareprioritized
relativetoothers.Themainaimofthearticleisthepresentationofthetheoryof
foreigntradepolicyandimportantpoliticalandeconomicinterests.Inthearticle
presentsthepoliticaleconomymodeloftheforeigntradepolicy,protectionist
pressuresindifferentpoliticalsystems,thelevelofprotectionistpressures,food
producerspressures,internationaltradeliberalizationandenvironmentalprotection,
thebilateraltendenciesinthecontemporaryforeigntradepolicy.
Themainobjectiveoftheresearchtaskistogiveacomprehensiveanalysis
ofthetheoryofforeigntradepolicyandtheimportantpoliticalandeconomic
interests.Theparticularlymainsconcernthepoliticaleconomymodelsofforeign