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OleksiiRudenko
modernEngland.
9
Itsprincipalfeatureistheinclusionofdiverseelements
ofpubliclifeinthesixteenthcentury,includingreligiousceremonies,visual
practices,officialdocuments,andpopulartexts.Bearinginmindthedistinc-
tionsandsimilaritiesbetweenpoliticalthoughtandroyalauthorityinearly
modernEnglandandPoland-Lithuania,itseemsreasonabletoassumethat
someidenticalpracticeswereinusebyotherEuropeanmonarchs.
10
Zenon
Piechhaspublishedastudyinwhichheassemblesthreenotableelements
oftheJagiellonianvisualrepresentation:coins,stamps,andcoatsofarms.11
However,ourunderstandingofthetopicwouldbenefitfromaddingsome
otherdimensionsofroyalauthorityanditsfunctioninginthepublicspace.
OneofsuchrecentstudiesisMieczysławMorka)sworkinwhichhedescribes
theapproachesofSigismundtheOld)scourttoartinthecontextofthepo-
liticalandmilitarycircumstancesoftheera.Morkaalsoreferstotheearly
examplesofAugustus)representation,elucidatinghowthoseartisticthemes
impactedhisfuturerepresentation.12Thus,Ianalysetheartisticpracticesused
forSigismundAugustus)representation,andIoutlinepossibleapproachesand
sourcesforsuchastudyinthisessay.
OnemaydeduceseveralnotablecharacteristicsofSigismundIIasthe
KingandtheGrandDukeasof1566,theyearinwhichGórnickipublishedhis
treatise:hewasawell-educatedbibliophileandapatronofarts,humanists,
andpoetry.Howhadthatrepresentationbeenshapedinhisearlyyearsand
bywhom?Cognisantofthefactthatsuchresearchwouldrequiretheinclu-
sionofavastnumberofsources,Idelineatemerelysomefeaturesoftheearly
representationofSigismundIIAugustus.Theoverviewofstrategiesapplied
fortheconstructionofSigismund)simageinhisearlyyearswillinevitably
raisethequestionoftheactors.Hence,inadditiontosystematisingsomeof
thekeystrategies,Idiscussanddescribetheagentsforwhomthesepractices
wereunderstandable.
ThefirststrategythatwasappliedfromtheverybeginningofSigismund)s
lifewerehisnameandtitles.Theinterchangeabletitlesdependedontheroyal
chancellery.However,chroniclesarelikewiserelevantforinvestigatingthe
topic.Severalapproachescanbedistinguishedwhenitcomestothepurpose
9K.Sharpe,SellingtheTudorMonarchy.AuthorityandImageinSixteenth-centuryEngland,Yale
UniversityPress,NewHaven2009.
10SeepioneeringworksbyTomaszGromelskiandalargereditedvolumebyRichard
UngerandJakubBasista.T
.Gromelski,ClassicalModelsinEarlyModernPoland-Lithuania,in:
AncientModelsintheEarlyModernRepublicanImagination,ed.W
.Velema,A.Weststeijn,Brill,
Leiden2017,pp.285-305;R.Unger,J.Basista(eds.),BritainandPoland-Lithuania.Contactand
ComparisonfromtheMiddleAgesto1795,Brill,Leiden2008.
11Z.Piech,Monety,pieczęcieiherbywsystemiesymboliwładzyJagiellonów,Wydawnictwo
DiG,Warszawa2003.
12M.Morka,SztukadworuZygmuntaIStarego.Treścipolityczneipropagandowe,Argraf,
Warszawa2006.
