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2.1.Planningcoursesanddesigningsyllabuses
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2.1.Planningcoursesanddesigningsyllabuses
2.1.Planningcoursesanddesigningsyllabuses
Therearetwomainconceptsconnectedwithdesigningcoursesandplanningtheteach-
ing-learningprocessthatneedtobeexplainedatthebeginning.Theyarethecurriculum
andthesyllabus.Ausefuldefinitionshowingacleardistinctionbetweenthoseoften
confusedtermsisprovidedbyMadridandMcLaren(2004:144):
Curriculumisthenamegiventoanyeducationalprogrammewhichstates:
•theobjectivesoftheprogramme,itseducationalpurpose;
•themeansusedtoachievetheseends,thatis:thecontent,teachingproceduresandlearningexperi-
enceswhicharenecessarytoachievethispurpose;
•themeansusedtoassesswhetherornottheeducationalendshavebeenachieved.
Syllabusisamorerestrictedconceptandusuallyreferstoadescriptionofthecontentsofthecourseof
instructionandtheorderinwhichtheyaretobetaught.
AccordingtoMadridandMcLaren(ibid),themaindistinctionbetweentheFLcurri-
culumandtheFLsyllabusisthatthecurriculum‘isconcernedwithplanning,implemen-
tation,management,administrationandevaluationoftheforeignlanguageprogramme,
whereasthesyllabushasanarrowerscopeandfocusesontheselectionandgrading(if
any)ofcontents,.
InthePolisheducationalsystemasyllabusoracurriculumhastobecloselyrelated
toa‘corecurriculum,ora‘curriculumframework,(podstawaprogramowa),whichis
alawoutliningthelearningoutcomesforalleducationalstagesandallschoolsubjects
taughtinPoland.Basedonthislawandone,sownexperience,teacherswritesyllabuses.
Apartfrombeingconsistentwiththecorecurriculum,asyllabusshouldprovidevaried
supportfortheteacher.AccordingtoKomorowska(2005:74),itshouldhelpthemto:
•developthelearners,keycompetencesandabilities;
•developthelearners,skillsandabilitiesconnectedwiththesubject;
•planlessonsandpreparetheschemeofwork;
•teachthecoursecontentsbychoosingtherightmethodsandtechniques;
•individualizeteaching;
•choosecoursebooksandsupplementarymaterials;
•varytheamountofmaterialandformsofworkappliedindifferentgroupsofstu-
dents;
•useongoingandsummativeassessmentofthestudents,progress.
AusefulcurriculumstructureisalsosuggestedbyKomorowskainherbookProgra-
mynauczaniawkształceniuogólnymijęzykowym(2005).Itshouldconsistofthefollo-
wingcomponents:
•briefinformationaboutthecontext,e.g.typeofschool,levelandageofstudents,
themethod;
•overallandspecificaims,i.e.whatwillbeachievedinthecourse;
•coursecontent,i.e.whatwillbetaught,e.g.listofgrammarstructures,lexical
groupstobecovered;
•techniquesandformsofwork,i.e.howthematerialwillbepresentedandpractised;