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2.2.IntegrationofEnglishandtheprimarycurriculum
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AnexampleoftopicalintegrationinanEnglishlanguageclassispresentedinFigure
2.1.Whenplanningandteachingasequenceoflessonsonthetopicof‘dinosaurs,,the
teachermakesreferencetothecontentofothersubjects(e.g.Biology,Art),skills(e.g.
counting,answeringquizquestions),storytelling,gamesanddoingsurveys.Example
lessonsbasedonthistopicarepresentedinAppendix3.
2.2.2.Integrationthroughthemethod–activity-basedlearning
Childrenlearnbydoingandhavevastamountsofenergytospend.Iftheelementofplay
isengagedinthechildren,slearning,theyarereadyto‘takegreaterrisksthaninreallife
andtrythingsoutintheirfantasyandimagination,(Holderness,1995:20).Thisreadi-
nesstoactandexperimentisalsorelatedtotheircreativity.Childrenareeagertoinvent
thingsand‘re-createrepresentationsoftheirexperiences,(ibid).
Differentauthors(ValeandFeunteun,1995;Holderness,1995;Brewster,1995;
Read,1996;Brewster,EllisandGirard,2002)claimthatactivity-basedlearningislively
andenjoyableforchildrenanditcanbewellexploitednotonlytolearnthelanguage
itemsandthelanguageskills,butalsotopractiseoracquireother,non-linguisticskills.
Thebestcontextforimplementingactivity-basedlearningseemstobeviathetopic-cen-
tredwork.Itallowsforimplementingthe‘integrated,wayofteachingandadoptingthe
cross-curricularapproachwheredifferentareasofexperience,abilitiesandattitudesare
developed.AsHoldernessnotices,suchanapproachisdesirableespeciallyattheearly
agewhen‘childrenarestilldevelopingaslearnersandaspeople,(1995:20).
Figure2.1.Atopicweb
