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Chapter1Stateoftheart
1.Atthephonologicallevel;wherecorporacanbeannotatedfor
syllableboundaries(phonetic/phonemicannotation)orprosodicfeatures
(prosodicannotation).
2.Atthemorphologicallevel;wherecorporacanbeannotatedinterms
ofprefixes,stemsandsuffixes(morphologicalannotation).
3.Atthelexicallevel;wherecorporacanbeannotatedforpartsof
speech(POStagging),lemmas(lemmatisation),andsemanticfields
(semanticannotation).
4.Atthesyntacticlevel;wherecorporacanbeannotatedtoshow
anaphoricrelations(coreferenceannotation),pragmaticinformationlike
speechacts(pragmaticannotation)orstylisticfeaturessuchasspeech
andthoughtpresentation(stylisticannotation).
TheyobservethatoutofthedifferenttypesofannotationPOStaggingisthe
mostwidespreadtypeofannotation,andthatsyntacticparsingisalsodeveloping
quitefast.However,suchtypesofannotationasdiscoursalannotationand
pragmaticannotationarepresentlyrelativelyunderdeveloped.KvĕtoňandOliva
(2002:19)observethat“thequalityofcorpusannotationiscertainlyamong
thepressingproblemsincurrentcorpuslinguistics.Thisquality,however,is
amany-facetedprobleminitself,comprisingbothissuesofarathertheoretical
natureandalsoquitepracticalmatters.”3Inthelightofthelackofuniform
annotatedcorporaandthedifferentresearchneedsthattheresearchershavewith
respecttolanguage,KvĕtoňandOliva(2002:255)encouragelinguiststowrite
theirowncomputerprogramsfortheconstructionoftheirowncorpora.They
saythatthereareseveralconcreteadvantagestowritingone’sowncomputer
programsratherthanrelyingonavailableconcordancingsoftware.Belowwe
enumeratetheargumentsthattheyprovidetosupporttheirclaim:
1.Perhapsmostimportantly,writingprogramsallowsonetoconductanalyses
thatarenotpossiblewithconcordances.
2.Onecandomanyanalysesmorequicklyandaccurately.
3.Onecantailortheoutputoftheanalysistofitone’sresearchneeds.
4.Whenonewritesone’sownprograms,thereisnolimittothesizeofthe
corpusthatcanbeanalysed.
Generallyspeaking,writingone’sowncomputerprogramfortheconstruction
ofone’sowncorpusanditsanalysis“opensupawidervarietyofoptionsin
theresearchquestionsthatyoucaninvestigate”(KvĕtoňandOliva2002:256).
Wecouldalsoprovideourownargumentsinfavouroftheideaofcreating
one’sowncorpusthatresultfromourexperience4withdiachronicannotated
corpuslinguistics:
3
SeealsoSinclair(2004b).
4
Cf.Kida(2007,2009,2010a,2010b,2011a,2011band2012).
