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TheICTgenre:‘Academicarticles’
58academicarticlescomefromtheUniversityofCambridgewhich
accountsfor60%ofthesourcetextsinthegenre.21academicarticlescomefrom
theUniversityofOxfordwhichaccountsfor22%ofthesourcetextsinthegenre.
7%ofanalysedarticlesconcernresearchissuesconnectedwithmathematical
disciplines.
Itisworthrememberingthatcomputerscienceiscloselyconnectedwith
otherdisciplines.Softwaredevelopersmustfrequentlysolvemathematical
problems.Cryptographyisagoodexamplewheretheborderlinebetweenthe
disciplinesdisappears.Beforestartinghisworkthedeveloperhastoanalyse
preciselytheessenceofacryptographicalgorithmtobeabletodevelopcorrectly
thesoftwarewhichwillcodeanddecodethedata.
TheICTgenre:‘Technicaldocumentationofsoftware
applications’
Thetermcomputersoftwarereferstoacollectionofcomputerinstructions
thatguidetheCentralProcessingUnittocarryoutspecifiedtasks.Incontrastto
computerhardwarecomputersoftwareisnottangible–itcannotbephysically
touched.Bothcomputersoftwareandhardwarerequireeachotherastheycannot
functionseparatelyandtheircombinationformsaworkingcomputingsystem.
Computersoftwareisstoredinelectronicformat.
Computersoftwarecanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:systems
softwareandapplicationssoftware.Thefunctionofsystemsoftwareistooperate
andcontrolthephysicalelements(computerhardware)andtosupplyaplatformfor
runningapplicationsoftware.Systemssoftwareincludestheoperatingsystemand
utilities.Theoperatingsysteminterfacesbothwiththecomputerhardwareandwith
othersoftwarethusenablingtheothersoftwaretorun.Utilitiesareprograms
designedtoperformtasksofconfiguringandmanagingcomputerresources9often
builtintotheoperatingsystem9e.g.:diskdrivesdefragmenters9diskcheckers9
backupsoftware9cryptographicutilities9compressionprograms9filerepair
programsandothers.Independentutilitysoftwarecanenhancefunctionalitiesof
thesystem.Driversareprogramsthatcontrolpiecesofhardware9alsoreferredto
ascomputerdevices9suchasprinters9soundcards9graphicscards9keyboards9
monitors.Driverscanbecomparedtotranslatorsbetweenpiecesofhardwareon
theonehandandtheoperatingsystemandapplicationssoftwareontheotherhand.
Driversareusuallyinstalledautomatically.DriversincomputerswithaWindows
operatingsystemaremanagedbytheDeviceManager.
Applicationssoftware9developedtoperformspecifictasks9includes9for
example9wordprocessors9spreadsheets9databasemanagementsystems9graphics
software9toolsforphotoprocessing9musicfileprocessingapplications9CD/DVD
9
