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10Introduction
environment).AccordingtotheItalianeducator,activityandindependence
areinseparablyconnectedandthesentenceCHelpmedoitmyself)illustrates
theirmutualrelationsperfectly.
Montessoripublishedthefirstbookthatexplainsthefundamentalassump-
tionsofherpedagogicaltheoryandpracticein1909.Teexperiencesdescribed
thereinarousedsomuchinterestthatsheconductedherfirstinternational
courseintheUnitedStatesin1913.In1929MontessorifoundedtheAssoci-
ationMontessoriInternationaletocoordinatethepedagogicalworkofschools
basedontheconceptofindividualisededucation,aswellastoinstructteachers.
Tatsameyear,theAssociation)sfirstglobalconferencetookplace.Montessori
participatedinit,aswellasinthesubsequentones,enthusiastically.Asaresult
oftheseinitiatives,shebecameacitizenoftheworld-apersonrecognised
allovertheworld.Inthiswayherpedagogy-focussedonthechildandthe
child)srighttofreepersonaldevelopment-wentinternational.
TemethodofeducationestablishedbyMontessoriisenjoyingarenais-
sanceinPoland,afactthatinspiredthisbook)sauthortorereadMontessori)s
conceptfromtheperspectiveofperson-centredtheoriesofhumanity.Tis
approachisinlinewiththeassumptionformulatedbyMontessori-that
individualwelfaredefinestheessenceofhumankindandallsocialinstitutions.
Moreover,theauthorhasestablishedaresearchprojectbasedonideasdefining
humanrealitythroughcategoriessuchasself-determination,self-fulfilment
andindividualisation,whicharediscussedherein.
Inpsychology,researchershavedevelopedvariouswaysofthinkingabout
humanpersonalityandbehaviour(Kozielecki,2009).Teobservedhetero-
geneityofviewsrepresentsnotatemporarycharacteristicofthisscience,but
apermanentfeature.Tegrowingdiversityofconceptsofapersonandthe
varietyofresearchproblemsemergingfromthemhaveresultedinin-depth
analysisanddiscussion.Althoughtheresearchonhumanityiscurrentlydom-
inatedbyparadigmssuchasbehaviourism,psychoanalysis,cognitivismand
humanisticpsychology,otherwaysofthinkingarealsomentioned,suchas
traittheories,topologicalpsychologyorexistentialpsychology.Inthisbook,
theoriginalconceptoftheself-authoringpersonistakenintoaccount,which
makesitpossibletoexplainnotonlytheessenceandmechanismsofhuman
development,butalsotheareaofChiddenspheresofexperiencingone)sfate)
(Obuchowski,1993,p.7).
Tooutlineaholisticimageofpeople,areferencetoObuchowski)s(1993,
2000)theoryoftheself-authoringpersonalityismade.Teparticularcon-