Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
BartłomiejBeniowski,1800-1867
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launched,asaresultofwhichfivepupilsfromtheschoolweresenttothearmyas
privatesoldiers.Thisdidnotdirectlyinvolveuniversitystudents,butOttoŚlizień
tellsusthatbeforethesummervacation:
blackcloudsbegantoappearontheuniversityhorizon,youcouldfeeluncertainty,lackof
self-confidence,variousdisturbingrumoursbegantocirculate.
...TomaszZantoldallour
membersthattheSocietyofPhilaretswasbeingdissolvedindefinitely,thattherewouldbe
nomoremeetings,thatforthetimebeingeverythingwastobeblanketedbycomplete
silence,noreferencesorreminiscencesweretobemade,asthoughnothinghadever
happened.
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Bythelatesummerof1823,investigationsbeganintostudentactivityatthe
University,andtheleadersofthePhilarets,includingTomaszZan,Adam
MickiewiczandTeodorŁoziński,werearrested.Onedetaineebrokedownunder
pressureandintheenddenouncedsomanymenthatinthefirstdaysof
November,atleastseventyuniversitystudents-perhapsaquarterofthe
membersoftheDisseminatorsandPhilarets-werearrestedandlockedupin
prisons,monasteriesandotherbuildingsinthetown.
220
Atfirst,allthedetainees
deniedtheexistenceofasecretsociety,butintheend,Zandecidedtosign
adeclarationthatitexistedbutthathealonewasresponsible.Ayearlater,the
investigationwascompleted,andintheautumnof1824,elevenPhilomathswere
condemnedtotransportationtoRussiaproper,withthreemen,includingZan,
condemnedfirsttotermsofimprisonment.JoachimLelewelandfourother
professorswerethrownoutoftheUniversity,LelewelreturningtoKingdom
Poland.Anunknownnumberofunnamedstudentsweresenttothearmy
asprivatesoldiers,orrusticated.
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Thesereprisalsforveryinnocentstudent
activityundoubtedlycausedseriousdifficultiesforsomeindividuals,especially
lessaffluentyoungmen,althoughDanielBeauvoisshowsthatthereprisals
inWilnoin1823-1824werelenientcomparedwithwhatwashappening
incontemporaryParis.
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Anyway,bythetimethisinvestigationstarted,Beniowskiwasmoreorless
outofharm)sway,havingdepartedforSt.Petersburgintheautumnof1823.
InsomecasesthisdidnotstopNikolayNovosiltsev,thecloseaideofAlexander
IwhohadsucceededAdamCzartoryskiasChiefEducationOfficerforWilno,
fromtakingaction:menwerehauledbackfromacrossthefilostprovinces,”and
219
OttoŚlizień,fiZpamiętnika,”op.cit.,p.127.
220
Theexactnumberofdetaineesgiveninvariousaccountsvaries.Lelewelsaysatleast
seventy,somesayahundred:JoachimLelewel,NowosilcowwWilniewrokuszkolnym1823/4,
Warszawa1831,p.19.
221
LeonardChodźko,fiThomasZan,”op.cit.,pp.3-5.Afterhisarrestandtransportation,
TeodorŁozińskibecamefortherestofhislifeateacherandliterarytranslatorinVyatka,inthe
foothillsoftheUrals.
222
W.C.Lubenow,TheCambridgeApostles,op.cit.,p.34;DanielBeauvois,Wilno,
op.cit.,p.269.
