Censorship of Literature in Post-War Poland: In Light of the Confidential Bulletins for Censors from 1945 to 1956

Anna Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8220-939-6

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2022

Liczba stron:

374

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk, Anna. Censorship of Literature in Post-War Poland: In Light of the Confidential Bulletins for Censors from 1945 to 1956. Red. . Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2022, 374 s. ISBN 978-83-8220-939-6

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk, A.

T1 Censorship of Literature in Post-War Poland: In Light of the Confidential Bulletins for Censors from 1945 to 1956

PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

PP Łódź

YR 2022

SN 978-83-8220-939-6

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 282245, author = "Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk, Anna", editor = "", title = "Censorship of Literature in Post-War Poland: In Light of the Confidential Bulletins for Censors from 1945 to 1956", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego", year = "2022", address = "Łódź", isbn = "978-83-8220-939-6" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk, Anna

ED -

TI - Censorship of Literature in Post-War Poland: In Light of the Confidential Bulletins for Censors from 1945 to 1956

PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

CY - Łódź

PY - 2022

SN - 978-83-8220-939-6

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk, Anna. Censorship of Literature in Post-War Poland: In Light of the Confidential Bulletins for Censors from 1945 to 1956 [baza danych online] Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2022 [dostęp: 23 07 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/censorship-of-literature-in-post-war-poland-in-light-of-the-anna-wisniewska-grabarczyk-282245.

censorship, literature in Post-War Poland, confidential bulletins for censors, censorship offices

The author’s focus on a relatively neglected field of censorship research – the bulletins – and attempt to provide a systematic account of their role and nature marks the key innovative aspect of the work. I deeply appreciate and...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8220-939-6

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2022

Liczba stron:

374

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

INTRODUCTION11
Some Remarks about Censorship in Poland in the Years 1944–199011
Research Assumptions13
State of the Art17
Source Material20
Rules for Presenting the Material23
PART ONE. IN SEARCH OF A DEFINITION: WHAT WERE THE CONFIDENTIAL BULLETINS FOR CENSORS? CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL25
1. The Purpose of Creating a Confidential Periodical for Censors27
2. The Censor as the Co-Author of Bulletins for Censors31
3. Characteristics of the Source Material and the Issue of the Bulletin’s Identity43
4. The Bulletin for Censors as a Cryptotext. A Defi ion of the Genre51
PART TWO. LITERATURE AND CURRENT LITERARY PHENOMENA55
1. The Censor’s Struggle with the Text. Some Preliminary Remarks57
1.1. Literary and Cultural Issues on the Pages of the Bulletins57
I. Fiction57
1.2. The Censorship of Fiction60
1.3. The Specifics of Book Inspection68
2. Competition for a Censorship Review of Wanda Wasilewska’s Novel Rzeki Płoną73
3. Poetry83
3.1. How to Review Poetry Selections? Ginczanka, Hollender, Słonimski, Ważyk, and an Unknown Red Army Man83
3.2. An Evaluation of the Poetic Publications Printed by the “Czytelnik” Publishing Cooperative in 1951100
3.3. On the Works of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna110
3.4. On a Discussion of the Poem “Oskarżam” by Mikołaj Rostworowski120
3.5. Other Poetic Works Discussed in the Bulletins: (Not Only) Norwid, Pasternak, Lenin, Mayakovsky, and Jasieński127
4. Prose Works131
4.1. How to Review Select Prose? Nałkowska, Borowski, and Bartelski131
4.2. Books Selected for Discussion in Censorship Offices Between 1952 and 1956146
4.2.1. Titles Selected for Discussion in Censorship Offices in 1952: (Not Only) Kuśmierek and Czeszko149
4.2.2. Books Selected for Discussion in Censorship Offices in 1953167
4.2.3. Books Selected for Discussion in Censorship Offices in 1954: (Not Only) Brzeziński, Kuśmierek, Kubalski, and Promiński168
4.2.4. Books Selected for Discussion in Censorship Offices in 1955: (Not Only) Kowalewski, Dróżdż-Satanowska, Stadnicki, and Bednorz175
4.2.5. Titles Selected for Discussion in Censorship Offices in 1956: (Not Only) Andrzejewski, Rudnicki, and Flaszen184
4.3. Books Discussed as Part of the Series For a Higher Level of Work on the Book: (Not Only) Nałkowska, Czeszko, Lācis, Meisner, and Jackiewicz192
4.4. Other Prose Works Discussed in the Bulletins: (Not Only) Sowińska, Koźniewski, Strumph-Wojtkiewicz, Gil, Zalewski, Bocheński, Bartelski, Dębnicki, Dobraczyński, and Żeromski202
5. Dramatic Works211
6. Satirical Works217
7. Children’s and Young Adult Literature231
8. Literature and Discussions of the “Thaw”251
9. Censorship According to Publisher: (Not Only) “Czytelnik”257
10. Literary and Cultural Issues in the Press269
1. Scientific and Popular Science Publications277
II. Non-fiction277
1.1. Scientific and Popular Science Publications in the Humanities278
1.1.1. Publications in the Field of Literature (and Culture)278
1.2. Scientific Publications in the Social Sciences282
1.3. Scientific and Popular Science Publications in Engineering and Technology282
2. Periodic Reports on the Book Market285
III. Other Topics Related to the Supervision of the Word291
PART THREE. “CAMERA CENSORICA.” WHAT ELSE WAS DISCUSSED IN THE BULLETINS?307
I. Other Problems Raised in the Bulletins309
II. Before the Proper Summary, or… the Censor as an Artist: The Literary Work of the Functionaries of “Mysia Street and Its Environs”325
SUMMARY329
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS333
INDEX OF FIGURES AND TABLES335
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS339
BIBLIOGRAPHY341
Subject literature341
List of Authors and Works Documented in the Bulletins for Censors from 1945–1956 (Selection)342
List of the Bulletins for Censors and Biblioteczki Biuletynu Informacyjno-Instrukcyjnego GUKPPiW347
Literary Texts, Journalism (Literary and Film Criticism, Interviews, etc.), Made Before 1945350
Literary Texts, Journalism (Literary and Film Criticism, Interviews, etc.), Radio Programs and Films Made Between 1945–1956350
Literary Texts, Journalism (Literary and Film Criticism, Interviews, etc.), Radio Programs and Films Made Between 1957–1990355
Literary Texts, Journalism (Literary and Film Criticism, Interviews, etc.), Radio Programs and Films Made After 1990356
Scholarly and Popular Science Texts358
Other Archival Sources370
Electronic Sources371
Legal Acts371
Author’s e-mail correspondence372

Introduction

andPublicPerformances).ApartfromtheGUKPPiW,censorsworkedinthe

ﬁeld,andinvoivodeshipordistrictcensorshipofcesscateredalloverPoland.

Teycomprisedanetworkthatenvelopedthecountryandconstitutedthebasic

censorshipinstitutionscontrollingthewritenword,media,aswellasintellectual

andartisticlifeinpost-warPoland.

TeRussianshadadeepinﬂuenceonshapingthecensorshipsysteminPo-

land.TeemployeesofGlavlit(CentralBoardforLiteratureandPressAlairs),

PiotrGładinandKazimierzJarmuż,cametoLublinin1944totakepartinthe

initialworkontheestablishmentofcensorship,includingthecreationofdoc-

umentsdeﬁningthescopeoftheinstitution)sactivityonPolishterritory.Te

censorshipofcewastobesubordinatetotheCentralCommiteeofthePolish

Workers)Party(KCPPR)and,from1948,totheCentralCommiteeofthePol-

ishUnitedWorkers)Party(KCPZPR,whichemergedwhenthePolishWorkers)

PartyandthePolishSocialistPartywerecombined).Institutionalcensorshipin

PolandwasreliantontheUSSR,althoughthedegreeofthatdependencyvaried

throughoutitsoperation.

Censorshipintheformdevelopedinthe1940sandearly1950sfunctioned

practicallyuntiltheendofthePolishPeople)sRepublic,4althoughnotalways

inequalintensity.Aferthesocio-politicalupheavalsof1956,1968and1970,it

usuallyeasedforsometime,resultinginperiodsofso-called“Taw”(odwilż).

Atemptswerealsomadetoﬁghtitthroughopenprotestsandthecreationofan

alternativepublishingcircuit,so-called“secondcirculation”(drugiobieg):asys-

temofundergroundpublishinghouses,whichprintedoutsidethescrutinyof

censorship.DuringtheentireperiodoftheOfce)sexistence,therewasprevent-

ivecensorship-assessingmaterialsbeforepublication,andsecondarycensor-

ship-evaluatingmaterialsalreadypublished.

InstitutionalcensorshipwasabolishedinPolandbythedecreeofApril11,

1990,whichcameintoforceonJune6ofthesameyear.5

Itisworthrememberingthatpost-warcensorshipfunctionedinPoland

againsttheofciallybindingconstitutionofMarch1921,recognizedbythegov-

ernment.Accordingtoitsarticle105:“Freedomofthepressisguaranteed.Cen-

4TePolishPeople)sRepublic(PolskaRzeczpospolitaLudowa,henceforthPRL)

wastheofcialnameofPolandfrom1952until1989.From1918to1952,theofcial

namewastheRepublicofPoland(RzeczpospolitaPolska,henceforthRP).People)sPo-

land(PolskaLudowa)wasasemi-ofcial,propagandisticnameofthestatefrom1944

to1989.

5“Ustawazdnia11kwietnia1990r.ouchyleniuustawyokontrolipublikacji

iwidowisk,zniesieniuorganówtejkontroliorazozmianieustawy-Prawoprasowe”

(Dz.U.1990,nr27,poz.173,s.378-389,htp://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.

xsp?id=WDU19900290173(accessedJuly27,2021)).

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