Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century

Zenon Trejnis

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7545-924-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Aspra

Rok wydania:

2019

Liczba stron:

269

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Trejnis, Zenon. Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century. Red. . : Aspra, 2019, 269 s. ISBN 978-83-7545-924-1

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Trejnis, Z.

T1 Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century

PB Aspra

YR 2019

SN 978-83-7545-924-1

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 224189, author = "Trejnis, Zenon", editor = "", title = "Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century", publisher = "Aspra", year = "2019", address = "", isbn = "978-83-7545-924-1" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Trejnis, Zenon

ED -

TI - Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century

PB - Aspra

CY -

PY - 2019

SN - 978-83-7545-924-1

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Trejnis, Zenon. Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century [baza danych online] : Aspra, 2019 [dostęp: 25 08 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/challenges-and-threats-to-the-security-and-defense-of-poland-in-the-zenon-trejnis-224189.

The monograph is a research project report, and this project, entitled, “Challenges and Threats to the Security and Defense of Poland in the 21st Century,” was implemented as part of the Research Grant No. 997/2018 entitled “The ...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7545-924-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Aspra

Rok wydania:

2019

Liczba stron:

269

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Spis treści niedostępny

TheRiskofRelaxing:theDeterminantstheDeterminantsofPublicDiscourse...

theonlyformofsocialandpoliticalorder.Inpolitics,thecharacteristicincon-

sistencyisclearlyvisible.Ontheonehand,therulesofrationalityarebecom-

ingmoreandmoreimportant.“Thepuresttypeofexerciseoflegalauthority”

Weberwrites,“isthatwhichemploysabureaucraticadministrativestaff.”7On

theotherhand,therearesometendenciesthathavelittleincommonwiththe

patternsof“intentional-rational”action.

Atthispointeverythinggetscomplicated.Thegeneral,formalruleof

validationcreatestheprincipleofrepresentation,whichmeansexposingthe

roleofcriticaldebateandparliaments,butinfactasWeberpointsout“par-

liamentarizationanddemocratizationarenotnecessarilyinterdependent,but

oftenopposedtooneanother.”8Indemocracy,theroleofcharismawillalso

playasigniﬁcantrole,aswellasthetendencytodisplaytradition(thisright,

proper,consistentwiththepointofviewofaspiringmembersoftheparty).

Beside,andsometimesinsteadof,criticaldebate,demagogywillplayagreat

role;and“asuccessfuldemagogue,”Weberemphasizes,“ishewhoismost

unscrupulousinhiswooingofthemasses.”9Recruitingessentiallyreplaces

theconceptsofactionrelatedtotheidealofcriticaldebate.Partiesandparty

demagoguesareengagedinrecruitingsupportersratherthanconvincingand

developingarguments.Democraticlogosareoftenshapedbyemotions,pas-

sions,andinstatesofcollectivehypnosis.“Democratizationanddemagogy,”

Weberunderlines,“belongtogether.”Thisoftenmeans“thecaesaristmode

ofselection.”10

However,aslongaswetalkaboutlegaldomination,theelementofpublic

validationplaysadecisiverole.Modernityrevealsacertaincontradiction

thattakesshapeinclashingthepatternsofcriticalrationalitywithdemagogy

andcaesarism,butwithoutaparliamentaryformoflegitimization,wewould

notbeabletotalkaboutlegaldominationatall.Theexistenceofthepublic

sphereandpublicdebateisaconditionsinequanonofallpracticesthatmean

subordinationofpoliticstothelogicof“intentional-rational”action.

PublicSphere—PatternsofCriticalRationality.

Letmethereforeintroducefromamodelperspectivetheissueofthepub-

licsphere,stressingthedecisivepublicdebateforshapingthepatternsof

criticalrationality.Itisinthepublicspherethattheprinciplesofconduct

gaininimportance,whichwillallowustospeakaboutlegaldomination,

whichisexpressedinobediencebasedonrationalargumentation.

7Ibid.,164.

8Ibid.,166.

9Ibid.,170.

10Ibid.,171.

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