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Preface
itsformsandfeatures.HerndingsindicatethattheChinesesocietyis
deeplyinuencedbyavarietyoffactorsamongwhichthepredominance
ofEnglishusageisonlylessertotheMandarinandChinesedialects.No-
ticeably,communicationisrootedinsocioculturalcontext,butportrays
theusersasrmlylinkedtotheworldwideweb.
InChapterThree,MichałWitek,assesspositionandroleofChinese
contemporaryart.Inordertounravelitsintricacy,heprovidestheread-
erswithagoodreviewofitsorigins.HepointsoutChineseeconomicde-
velopmentasamilestoneofartmarket,whichhasalsobeenprofoundly
analyzed.
InChapterFourthJanuszBąbelpresentedthereformsoftheChinese
militarystructuresfrom1978whenDengXiaoping’sfopenpolicy’wasini-
tiated.Theauthoranalyzedtheseproblemsrelatingthemtothechang-
ingmilitarydoctrine.Inhisopinionthemodernizationofthearmywith
theuseofadvancedtechnologiescouldcreatenewpurposesinChinese
foreignpolicy,andcouldtakenewinitiativesnotonlyinthecloseneigh-
borhoodoftheMiddleKingdoms.
Asimilartopicwasalsotakenupinthenextchapter.Itsauthor,Paweł
Bieńkowski,underlinedthatnowadaysagradualdecreaseoftheroleof
thePeople’sLiberationArmyChineseaftertheMaoistperiodcanbeob-
served.Healsopresentedaveryinterestingissueofmilitaryandnation-
al-partyconnections.
InChapterSix,TobiaszTargoszdescribedtheissueofChina’sinvolve-
mentinneighboringMyanmar.Theauthornoticesthepracticaldimen-
sionofthiscooperation,pointingattheconcentrationofChineseinter-
estsintheeconomicalissues.MyanmarisastrategicpartnerofChina,
especiallyintheenergyeld.InBeijing’splansMyanmarisalsotreatedas
abridgelinkingChinawithothercountriesofSouthernAsiaandSouth-
EastAsia.
ThetopicofChina’senergysecuritywasalsotakenupbyAnnaKots
inChapterSeven.TheanalysiswasconcentratedonRussiaandCentral-
Asiancountries.LowreservesofcrudeoilandnaturalgasforceChinato
seeknewmarketsabroad.Russia,withitslarge-scaleresources,becomes
adesiredpartner.ChineseactivityinCentralAsiaisbeingdetermined
throughgeopoliticalelements,aswellasthepossibilityofsatisfyingen-
ergyneeds.
ThenextchaptersbyKarolBronickiandJacekBudziaszekconcentrate
ontheChineseterritorialdisputes.TherstreferstoChinese-Japanese
conictintheEastChinaSea.Theseconddescribestheunsolveddis-
putesintheSouthChinaSea.Inbothchapterstheauthorsemphasized
thestrategicdimensionofrivalry.Theimportanceoftheseterritorieswas
highlightedintheeconomic,transport,aswellassherymeaning.They
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