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8
Introduction
structurethroughexcessiveinternaltension,ormicrocracksduetoahigh
temperaturegradient.Suchcomplexnumericalmethodshavenotyetreached
sophisticationnecessaryfordesigningcomplexindustrialfurnaces,aspre-
sentedinFig.1or2.Fig.1showsamodelofatypicalfurnaceforheatingsteel
beforeforgingequippedwithaclassicalheatrecuperator[1].Inoppositionthe
Fig.2presentsmodernwalkingbeamfurnaceequippedwithregenerativegas
burners.
Thebasicbalanceofenergyforanindustrialfurnacecanbeexemplified
throughasimplelowpowerfurnace.Examplesofsuchfurnacesdesignedby
theteamwithwhichtheauthorhascollaboratedforalongtimearepresented
inFig.1.AtFig.2arepresentedwakingbeamfurnacerevampedtotallybyDr
D.Szewczykandhiscollaborators,whichwasgraduatedatGasTechnology
LaboratoryPoznanUniversityofTechnology.
Fig.1.Asmallfurnaceforpreheatingsteelrodsbeforeforging.Afurnaceisequippedwithfour
gasburnersoperatingastwostagecombustiontypes,designedbyauthor.Afurnacewasmade
forcompanySKF-SwedenandinstalledintheirdaughtercompanyinLuck-Ukraine.Afurnace
isequippedwithtworecuperatorspreheatingairupto450
oCpresentedinFig.5a.Dimensionsof
combustionchamberare:lengthxwidthxheight:1.2x1.5x0.7m.Furnaceoperatingtempera-
ture:1280
oC.Combustioninfurnacetakeplacewithconstantexcessofaircontrolledinawide
rangeofcapacityofthefurnacefrom30to110%standardpower.
Thebalanceofatypicalindustrialfurnace,asofmostheatinstallations,
canbepresentedinadiagramvisualizingenergyflowasheat.Thediagram,
knownasSankey’sdiagram,isbasicallysimilar,withonlyafewmodifications,
tothatpresentedinFig.3.
