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theoreticalcontextofconflictandmediation
wedealwithapermanentdesirefor,notinfrequentlycamouflaged,domi-
nation,ontheotherwithadesperatestruggleforfreedomaswellasdefence
againstenslavery.Thisstrugglemayassumevariousconstellationsdepend-
ingonwhichofthesubjectsofeducation(teacher,student,schoolheadmas-
ter,andparent)ishereasovereignandwhichoneisavassal⁴.Accordingto
ThomasGordon"Almostallschoolsareorganizedhierarchically:teachersare
subordinatesofschoolheadmasterswhointurnaresubordinatedtoschool
inspectorsandeducationofficers”s.IfwetriedtofollowGordon,sideawe
couldsuggestsomekindofgeneralisationatthispointwhichseemstobe
adequateinrelationtoanyschoolinanycountryandsaythat"itremains
unclearwhyforsomeunfortunatereasonsmostschoolshaveastructurere-
semblingaformermilitaryorganization”⁶dominatedbythefollowingprin-
ciples:"unityofcommand,specifiedscopeofcontrol,hierarchyofauthori-
ty,implementationofdirectivescomingfromabove,theneedtorespectthe
authority(obedience)penaltiesforviolatingtherulesetc.”⁷.
Thiscomparisonofthestrategyofthefunctioningofschoolsandmil-
itaryorganizationsseemstobeaccurateinthecontextofpermanentcon-
flictsbetweendifferentschoolsubjects.Schoolisoftenperceivedastheplace
ofvariousconflictsandstrugglebetweendifferentgroupsofpeoplewhoef-
ficientlyimpoverishoneanotherusingviolenceandhostilityhiddenunder
themaskofloveandrespecttootherpeopleandunderthebannerofgood
asanabsolutevalue.Inthestruggle,friendsorsimplypartnerswhoareon
thecommonpathtothedevelopmentorpeacefulresolutionofassociated
problemsandconflicts,aresimplynotnoticed.Partnersorcomradesare
perceivedascompetitorsandrivals.Therivalryexcludescooperation.Thus
rivalswhoareobstaclesonthewaytoone,spersonalsuccessareperceived
asenemieswhoneedtoberuthlesslydestroyed.Alleffortsandactivityare
aimedatimpoverishingtheopponentandnotatresolvingtheproblemun-
derlyingaparticularconflict.
Ifwelookattheessenceofinterpersonalconflictsfromamoregener-
alperspectivewecannoticetheyarecharacterisedbyvariedstructureand
meaning.TheverywordconflictscomesfromLatinandinthesimplest
⁴W.Komar,Wojnawedukacji…,op.cit.
sT.Gordon,Wychowaniebezporażekwszkole,translatedbyD.Szafrańska-Poniewier-
ska,Pax,Warszawa1996,p.327.
⁶Ibidem.
⁷Ibidem.
sLatinconflictus–clash;confligere,clash,fight.
