Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
ofdemocracywasbornmuchlater,anditcanbesaidthatitis
primarilytheresultofadeparturefromabsolutism(thisisindi-
catedalsointhesignificantimpactoftheideaofrepublicanism
inItaliancity-republicsonthenewdevelopmentoftheconcept
ofdemocracy,see:Held,2006,p.32).RepresentativesofEnglish
politicaldoctrine,withJohnLockeatthehelm,areespeciallysig-
nificantinthedevelopmentoftheideaofthedemocraticstate.
Thiswascloselyrelatedtotheideaoftheseparationofpowers,
whichistoplacerestrictionsonroyalauthority,andalsotheidea
ofthesovereigntyofthepeople.Thedevelopmentoftheseideas
ontheContinentwasalreadylinkedwiththeworksofMontes-
quieuandRousseau(Malarczyk,1996,p.18),whorespectively
developedmoreelaborateconceptionsofbothoftheseideas.
Thetranspositionofthedemocraticdoctrinesintopolitical
frameworksdidnotbeginuntiltheseventeenthandeighteenth
centurieswhenfirstEngland,andmuchlaterothercountries,
begantoadoptsystemicsolutionsaimedatguaranteeingthe
democraticpositionofthestatesystem.Thisisinextricably
linkedwiththebirthoftheliberalstateanditsassociatedcon-
stitutionalism(Dahl,1989,pp.24-25)andalsowiththeideaof
republicanism.However,thefirstdemocracieswereincomplete
becausetheyplacedfar-reachinglimitationsontheexerciseof
politicalrights.Theeliminationofundemocraticvotingrequire-
mentsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesledto
thetrueruleofthepeople(Sobolewski,1969,p.26).Thispicture
ofdemocracybecameapparentprimarilyintheconstitutions
ratifiedfollowingWorldWarI,ledbythatoftheWeimarRepub-
licin1919.Despitemuchpoliticalturmoilandtheemergenceof
newsystemicconstitutionalconcepts,thedemocraticstandards
developedatthetime,althoughmodified,canbeconsideredto
bevalidinmoderntimes.
3.Theconstitutionalizationofthedemocraticruleoflawin
Polanddoesnothavealongtradition.Thisconceptappeared
attheconstitutionallevelonlyin1989whenitwasintroduced
totheConstitutionwiththeDecemberamendment.This
amendmentcompletelychangedtheconstitutionalprinciples
14
CONSTITUTIONALLAW
