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20
ChinfaLien
Jua
7
inDouglas(1873:185),anAmoy-Englishbilingualdictionary,is
glossedasuhowmany,howmuch,(interrogativeorinterjection);somuch.”
Teglossaptlycapturesitsdualfunctionsinparticularinconnectionwith
kindsofmoodinvolved,interrogativesandexclamatives.Tus,jua
7
functions
likeChow)inEnglish,asthelattercanbeusedininterrogativesandexclama-
tives,asinCHowfarisitfromhere?)andCHowbeautifulsheis!)
Letustermjua
7
Chow)asahow-word(degreeinterrogativeword)and
tsue
7
Cmuch)asapositivequantity(PQ)word.
3
Tehow-wordandthePQ-wordmayformasingleunitfocusingonask-
ingaboutthequantityofsomething.Whetherornottheverbofexistenceu
7
Chave,exist)ismadeexplicit,(1)isstillinterpretedasadegreequestion.
(1)
(U
(have)
CHowmany(arethere)?)
7
)
jua
how
7
tsue
many
7
?
Asshownin(2),thecombinationofhowwordjua
7
andanounloo
7
is
mediatedbythePQwordtsue
7
.
(2)
Jua
how
CHowfaristheroad?)
7
tsue
much
7
loo
road
7
?
However,thehowwordalonecanoccurwithanoundirectlywithoutthe
mediationofaPQword,asin(3).
(3)
Jua
how
CHowmanymen?)
7
lang
people
5
?
Itcanalsomergewithanadjectivetoyieldadegreequestion,asin(4).
(4)
Jua
how
CHowlong?)
Csoverylong(time).
7
ku
long
2
)
3
Incontrast,少tsio
2
Cfew,little)istermedthenegativequantity(NQ)word.Tenotionofpositive
quantityelementisbasedonthenotionofpositiveconstructioninRett(2015).
