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ChinfaLien
咧leh
0
servesasanexplicitoperatorofexclamativesalongwiththespecific
adjustmentofintonation.
9
Animportantconsequenceoftacklingthehow_elementsinSouthern
MinasasouthernSiniticlanguageisthattheirinterpretationcannotbedone
withouttakingintothekindsofmoodinvolveddespitethefactthatunlike
EuropeanlanguagesSiniticlanguagesrelyonparticlesinlieuofinflection
onverbstoexpressvariouskindsofmood.Anotherrevelationisthatunlike
Englishforexamplehow_elementscanfunctionasindefinitequantifiers,
givenpropersyntacticcontexts.
3.StructuralConfigurationsoftheIndet_how偌Jua7and
theIndet.Q幾Kui2andaComparisonbetweenTem
TissectioncentersonthestructuralconfigurationsoftwoIndet_how
wordsinTSM:偌jua7Chow)and幾kui2Chowmany)andacomparison
betweenthem.
3.1.TeIndet_howelement偌jua7anditsdistribution
TestructuralconfigurationoftheIndeterminateHow(Indet_how)偌
jua7Chow)canbecapturedinthefollowingtwostringconstraints:10
(9)
偌jua7+*(fitsue7)+nounphrases
(10)
偌jua7+(*fitsue7)+gradableadjectives
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Tereisaresurgenceofinterestinexclamatives.ZanuttiniandPortner(2003)capturesthe
semanticsofexclamativesintermsofthetwoimportantfactors(factiveandwhoperator)cou-
pledwithasemanticoperatorofwideninginconnectiontothesurprisingreading.Badanand
Cheng(2015)exploretwotrueexclamativesinMandarinbothunderscoredbyscalardegree
adverbs.Tecommonfeatureofdegreesharedby偌jua
7
interrogativeandexclamativestack-
ledinthispaperalsoreflectsBadanandCheng)sbasicassumption.SeeRett(2011),Yang(2017),
andCastroviejo(2021)forthesimilarassumption.
10
Idonottake偌jua
7
asavariabledevoidofanysemanticandsyntacticvalue.Itisanindetermi-
natedegreeHowadverbialelementdistinctfromtheindeterminateWHelement是乜si
7
mih
8
Cwhat)asanargumentWHelement.ItisalsodiferentfromtheindeterminateHowmanner
adverbialelement.CHow)manneradverbialisrealizedasadiferentlexicalitem按怎an
2
tsu-
ann
2
Chow)
,asin西瓜按怎切?si
1
kue
1
an
2
tsuann
2
tshiet
4
(watermelonhowcut)Chowdowecut
thewatermelon?)Incontrast,Chow)asaninterrogativewordinEnglishisanamphibiousword
featuringthemanneranddegreeinterpretation,asinCHowisfishroemade?)andCHowfarisit
fromhere?)
.
