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NewTrendsinLanguageandCultureTeaching
stereotyping(Kramsch,1993)byenablingthemto:relateculturalevents,
discoverculturalpatterns,aswellasinterpretlinksbetweeneventsor
patternsandperspectives.
OnemoreaspectofcomputerisedmultimediaistheInternet,which,
accordingtoSanko(Sik,1998),canbeutilisedininterculturalteachingin
twomajorways:(i)asaresource,and(ii)asacommunicationtool.Online
communicationallowsagenuineexchangeofideas,promotesholistic
learning,shiftsperspectives,involvesemotions,developslearners’cultural
identity,andislikelytoleadlearnerstothethirdplace(Żylińska,2003).
Computer-basedtechniquesininterculturalteachinginclude:tele-
collaborationprojects(Internetexchanges),e.g.eTwinning(Komorowska,
2006)orOdyssee(Czaplikowska,2007);emailtandems(Penz,2001);
Webquests(Dudeney,2006);andwebprojects(Żylińska,2003).
5.BEYONDINTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATIVECOMPETENCE
Risager(2007)hasrecentlyputforwardanextendedmodelofByram’s
(1997)interculturalcommunicativecompetence(ICC)whichincorporates
theconceptoflanguaculturalcompetenceanddiscourseascomponentsshe
deemsnecessaryforeducatingtrueworldcitizens.Accordingtoher,
Byram’smodelofICCcompetencedoesnotbringlanguageandculture
togethersufficiently.Italsonarrowsthenotionoflanguagebynot
recognisingprivateandinnerspeech,languagevarieties,thesociolinguistic
characteristicsofmultilingualspeakers,andtheirmetalingualattitudes.
Risager(2007)simplyattemptstobringinterculturalcommunicative
competencemoreuptodatewiththeplurilingual/multilingualrealitiesof
today’sEurope.
Therefore,
with
regard
to
communicative
competence,
she
reconceptualiseslinguisticcompetenceaslanguastructuralcompetence,i.e.
aplurilingualspeaker’sextensionoflexicon,syntaxandmorphologyin
relationtothelanguageshe/sheknows.Sociolinguisticcompetencein
Risager’smodelacquiresasetoflanguaculturalcompetences,whichhelp
learnersnotonlyinterprettextdialogically,negotiatemeaningand
distinguishbetweenthesemanticandpragmaticaspectsofspoken/written
language,butalsomakeproficientuseofparalinguisticdevicesand
kinesicsformoreeffectiveinterculturalcommunication.Risageralso
addsnewlanguaculturalcompetencestotheafore-mentioned:poetics,i.e.