Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
Accountingcontinuouslyprovidesnumericaldataoneconomicoperationsand
continuouslymeasurestheeconomicandfinancialeffectsofbusinessunits.
2.Theideaofmanagementandcostaccounting
Anaccountinginformationsystemprovidesdatatohelpthedecision-making
processofindividualsoutsidethebusinessaswellasinsidethebusiness.
Thedecision-makingindividualsoutsidethebusinessareaffectedinsomewayby
theperformanceofthebusiness,whilethedecision-makingindividualsinsidethe
businessareresponsiblefortheperformanceofthebusiness.Forthisreason,
accountingisoftendividedintotwocategories:financialaccountingandmanagerial
accounting.
Financialaccountinginformationisintendedprimarilyforexternaluse,while
managerialaccountinginformationisintendedforexternaluse.Stockholdersand
creditorsareexamplesofpeopleoutsideacompanywhowantandneedfinancial
accountinginformation.Theseoutsidepeoplemakedecisionsonmatterspertaining
totheentirecompany,suchaswhethertoextendcredittoacompanyortoinvestin
acompany.Consequently,financialaccountinginformationrelatestothecompany
asawhole,whilemanagerialaccountinginformationfocusesonthepartsor
segmentsofthecompany.Managerialaccountingshouldinvolveplanningforthe
future.Thepurposeofmanagerialaccountingistogenerateinformationthat
amanagercanusetomakeinternaldecisions(Kiziukiewicz,2001,p.14).
Duringthedevelopmentofmanagementaccountingtherewerefoundmany
milestonesthatledtotheformationofmanagementaccountinginitspresentform.
AccordingtoKaplanandCooper(2000,p.11)managementaccountingassociate
withthebeginningoflargecompanies,whichresultedintheneedforinformation
neededforplanningandcontrolprocesses.Theroleofaccountingwasnolonger
limitedtothebookkeepingbuthadtomeettherequirementsofpracticeand
providethenecessaryinformation.Suchphenomenalikemassproductionand
distribution,andthat’swhyneedofreal,accurateandfastinformation,
significantlyaffectedtheconceptofmanagementaccounting.Suchchanges
boostedthedevelopmentofmanagementaccounting,whichbecametheessential
partofthecompany.
Financialaccountingisaimedatexternalusersoffinancialstatements,e.g.
investors,creditors,financialadvisers.Itisreflectedinthemonetaryformofthe
economicphenomenaandprocessesthataretakingplaceinagivenunit.
Animportantfeatureisthatfinancialaccountinghasahighdegreeofstandardi-
zation,asitislegallyregulatedbynationalandinternationalstandards.Thanksto
financialaccounting,itispossibletolearninformationabouttheproperty,sources
offinancingtheactivity,achievedfinancialresults,aswellasthefinancialposition
ofthecompany.Thus,themainpurposeoffinancialaccountingistopresent
information–expressedintermsofvalue–aboutthepropertyandfinancial
situationoftheenterprise(Gos2011,p.13).
Managementaccountingplaysasignificantroleintheentity’smanagement
process.Itmainlypresentsinformationinaqualitative,quantifiedandvaluable
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