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VÍCTORMÍNGUEZ
forSpanishbooksandthenewcourtofMadridwasoneofthefavourite
locationsforbooksellersandprinters.Royalties,printinglicenses,fees,
andbookeditingwereinstrumentsusedbytheRoyalCounciltocontrol
theactivityofprintersinthedilerentpublishinghouses.In1594,Julio
JuntideModesti,whocamefromafamilyoftypographersfromFlorence,
foundedtheImprentaReal.3
TeHabsburgfestiveliteraturehadstartedonecenturyearlier,inthe
itinerantcourtoftheprudentKing)sgreat-grandfather,EmperorMaxi-
milianIofHabsburg,thefrstprinceoftheRenaissancewhousedpro-
pagandatoexercisehispower.4Tebestexampleofthisisthefamous
xylographyTriumphalarchofMaximilianI(1518)byAlbrechtDürer(Fig.
1.1),thebigestengravingeverdone,composedofonehundredninetyin-
dividualsheetsjoinedtogether,tocreateasurfaceofmorethantensquare
metres.TwohundredcopiesofitweremadebeforetheEmperordiedand
fvehundredmoreaferhisdeath.Itisanarchitecturalandiconographic
fantasy,anideologicalartefactthatwantedtoprove,throughvisualand
literarylearning,thegreatnessofthedynastyanditsdesireofuniversal
domination.5Anephemeralarchitecturethatneverexistedassuch,butits
visualandiconographicimpactisevident.
AnotherexampleoffestivefantasyistheTriumphalprocessionofEm-
perorMaximilianIHabsburg(1512-1514),anextensiveseriesofxylographic
engravingswhichshowheralds,courtiers,musicians,prisoners,soldiers,
andothercharactersescortingtheemperor)striumphalcarriage.6Johannes
StabiuscreatedtheprogrammeinspiredbytheTriumphsofCaesarbyAn-
dreaMantegna(1485-1505,HamptonCourtPalace).In1507,itcomesfrom
thepreliminarydrawingsofthepainterJörgKölderer,whichwereturned
3
ConsolaciónMoralesBorrero,LaImprentaRealdeMadriddesdesufundación
hastafinesdelsigloXVII(Madrid:ArtesGráfcasMunicipales,1976).
4
LarrySilver,MarketingMaximilian.TeVisualIdeologofaHolyRomanEmperor
(Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,2008).
5
EstherMerinoPeral,Elreinodelailusión.Brevehistoriaytiposdeespectáculo.El
arteefímeroylosorígenesdelaescenografía(AlcaládeHenares:UniversidaddeAlcalá,2005),
pp.80-87.
6
MonikaFrenzel,TomasKuster,MaximilianI.TriumpheinesKaisers.Herrscher
miteuropäischenVisionen.KatalogzurAusstellunginderKaiserlichenHofburgzuInnsbruck
(vom26.Oktober2005-30.Juni2006)(Innsbruck:Eigenverl.BurghauptmannschafÖster-
reich,2005).
