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Preface
9
tendenciesinthedevelopmentofthisscience,aswellastheideaof
orientationtypologyasaconsequenceofparadigmaticstratification,
formamapofsorts,whichallowsustoeasilytraceandunderstandthe
phenomenonoftheworksoftheBritishsociologistandofcriticalrealism
moregenerally.Tesecontemporarysocialtheorieshavebeenclassified
byK.Wieleckiintothreemajorparadigms:subjectivist,objectivistand
dialecticsynthesis.Teauthorpinshishopeonthelatterasitolers
thegreatestchanceofescapingtheparadigmaticcrisiswhich–inhis
view–alectsmodernsociologyanditsrelatedsciences.K.Wielecki
argues:“MargaretS.Archer’stheorytobethemostmature,integral,and
advanced.Hertheoryisalsothemostdialecticalone,meaningthatit
goesbeyondtheaporiaoftheotherparadigmsinthemostdecidedlyand
originalway.ItseemstomethatM.S.Archer’stheoryrespondstothe
challengeofresponsibilityformodernity,itsperson,cultureandsociety.“
TestudypreparedbyWiesławWójcik,titledTwoWaysofNeo-
PositivismCritique,displaysthemethodologicalaspectofM.S.Archer’s
theory,viewedfromaphilosophicalperspective.Accordingtothe
author:“Tecritiqueofneo-positivismpresentedinthisstudy,although
carriedoutinthespiritofacknowledgingthevalueofscienceandits
positiveimpactonmanandsociety,wasinspiredbythesociological
conceptofMargaret.S.Archer.Followingthecourseofthecritical
realismofK.PopperandRoyBhaskar,theBritishsociologistbuilds
themorphogenetictheoryofsocialdevelopmentwiththekeynotions
ofhumanity,agencyandstratificationofsocialreality.“
Tecritiqueofneo-positivismprovidedbyW.Wójcikandcarried
outwithintheintellectualspace,startswithadeepreflectiononthe
viewsofK.PopperanderuditeinquiriesintotheworkofvariousPolish
analyticphilosophers,mathematiciansandthoserepresentativesofother
sciences,whoinW.Wójcik’sview,havemadeasubstantialcontribution
tothediscussionontheparadigmaticfoundationsofsocialthought.Tat
beingsaid,theprimarypointofreferenceisstillM.S.Archer’stheory,
as:“Herapproachaimsatovercomingtheconceptswhichdegrade
manandmakeman’sactionsdependentonsocialstructures(according
toM.S.Archer,ahumanbeinginhiscarnalityandemotionalityalways
standspriortoasocialbeing).“
