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fakecorrespondencefromclientsand“trusted”institutions(governmentde-
partmentsandagencies,etc.),
fakeCOVIDrelatedpayments.
Amorecomprehensivediscussionofthenewchallengesthatorganisations
faceinpreventing,detectingandcontainingcybersecurityattacksconnectedto
remoteworkcanbefound(Ponemon2020).
StudiesonCOVID-19relatedcybersecurityincidentsandtheirmitigation
strategiesarealsoreported(Well2020,Naidoo2020,Hakak2020,Ahmed2020).
Inparticular,practicalsecurityguidelinesforusersworkingfromhomearefor-
mulated(Hakak2020).
Cybersecurityincidentsarebecomingincreasinglymoreharmfulforinstitu-
tions.TherecentannualIBMSecurityandPonemonInstitutereportoncostsof
databreaches,basedonin-depthanalysisofreal-worlddatabreachesof100000
recordsorless,experiencedbyover500organisationsworldwidebetweenMay
2020andMarch2021,revealsthatsecurityincidentshavebecomemorecostly
andhardertocontain(IBM2021).Inparticular,thefollowingobservationsare
madebytheauthors:
Databreachescostthesurveyedcompanies$4.24millionperincidentonaver-
age-thehighestcostinthe17-yearhistoryofthereport.
Therapidshifttoremoteoperationsduringthepandemicappearstohaveledto
moreexpensivedatabreaches:breachescostover$1millionmoreonaverage
whenremoteworkwasindicatedasafactorintheevent,comparedtothose
withoutthisfactor($4.96vs.$3.89million).
Theadoptionofartificialintelligence,securityanalytics,andencryptionwere
thetopthreemitigatingfactorsshowntoreducethecostofabreach,saving
companiesbetween$1.25millionand$1.49millioncomparedtothosethat
didnothavesignificantusageofthesetools.Forcloud-baseddatabreaches,
organisationsthathadimplementedahybridcloudapproachhadlowerdata
breachcosts($3.61million)thanthosethathadaprimarilypubliccloud($4.80
million)orprimarilyprivatecloudapproach($4.55million).
Theaveragetimetodetectandcontainadatabreachwas287days(212to
detect,75tocontain),whichisoneweeklongerthanreportedoneyearearlier.
Inaddition,resultsofaseparateanalysisofaspecificsampleofmega-breaches
arereported.Forthiscategoryofincidents,involvinglossortheftofbetween50
millionand65millionrecords,averagecostofabreachwas$401million.
Recognisingthepotentialcostofnotprovidingadequateprotectionagainstcy-
berattacks,companiesandotherinstitutionsandorganisationsareupdatingtheir
cybersecuritysolutions.
Alsogovernmentsallovertheworldarebringingincreasinglymoreattention
tocybersecurity.Herearesomeexamples.
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