Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
Authenticity,aimedatverifyingthatthereceivedmessageoranydataex-
changeisfromthesourceitclaimstobe,issometimesaddedtothisCIAtriad
(Hakak2020).Otherproperties,suchasaccountability,non-repudiation,andreli-
abilitycanalsobeconsidered(Rashid2019).
Theimportanceofcybersecurityiscontinuouslyrising.Thisisbecausecyber-
securityrelatedincidentsarebecomingincreasinglymorefrequent.
TheEuropeanUnionAgencyforCybersecurity(ENISA)reportedthedetec-
tionof230000newmalwareinfectionseverydayfromJanuary2019toApril
2020,whileEuropol’s2021SeriousandOrganisedCrimeThreatAssessment
highlighteda“notable”increaseinthenumberofransomwareattacksonpublic
institutionsandlargecompanies(Neville2021).
Thegrowthinthenumberofsuchincidentsisdriven,amongothers,by:
thedistributednatureoftheinternet,
theproliferationofcloudcomputing,mobiledevicesandtheinternetofthings,
theexpansionof5Gnetwork,
increasingprofitabilityofcybercrimes.
Moreover,cybercriminalsareusingincreasinglymoresophisticatedtech-
niquesandareincreasinglymoresuccessful.
TheCOVID-19pandemichascreatednewchallenges.Business,administra-
tion,educationandothersectorshavemovedtoamodelinwhichremotework
andgenerallystayingathomehasbecomethe“newnormal”.Thisnewenviron-
ment(Grustniy2021)ischaracterisedby:
usinghomeequipmentandpersonaldevices(phones,tabletsandlaptops)for
work,inparticulartoaccessinstitution’ssensitiveinformation,
unsecuredcommunicationchannels(homewi-finetworksbeingmorevulner-
abletoattack),
vulnerabilitiesincollaborationtools,includingvideoconferencingapplications.
Itallmakesthatcybercriminalsaremoresuccessful.
IthasbeenestimatedthatbetweenJanuaryandJune2020thenumber
DistributedDenialofServices(DDoS)attacksaffectingeducationalresources
increasedbyatleast350%whencomparedtothecorrespondingmonthin2019
(Kaspersky2020).Asaresultofsuchattacks,studentsandfacultieshadnoac-
cesstomaterialsforaperiodrangingfromdaystoweeks.Aconsiderableincrease
inthenumberofvirusesdistributedthroughon-linelearningplatforms,suchas
Moodle,BlackboardorGoogleClassroom,andcommunicationplatforms,such
asZoomorMSTeams,wasalsoobserved.
Furthermore,cybercriminalshavetriedtoexploitshortageofinformation,
people’sneedforinformationandfearofthevirus,usingvariousCOVID-related
phishingscenarios:
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