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Research(singular):
–Accordingtonewresearch,penguinscansufferdramatically
fromtheeffectsofoilpollution,eveniftheirfeathersareonly
lightlycontaminatedwithoil.
–Researchsuggeststhatfetalexposuretococainecausespremature
birthandlowbirthweight.
Researches(plural):
–Thisjournalpublishesthoseresearchesthatmainstreamscience
hasfoundtoodifficulttoplace.
–Americanresearchesintothecausesofcancerhavemetwith
somesuccess.
Nevertheless,thesingularform(research)appearstobemuchthe
morecommonforminEnglish,e.g.
–Thisstudyshowsthatin1989Japanstartedspendingalarger
percentageofitsgrossnationalproductonresearchthantheUS.
Secondly,Cbadanianaukowe’canalsobetranslated,thoughless
frequently,asscientificresearch.Thepointis:shouldthewordscientific
alwaysbeincludedinsuchtranslation,orcanweomitit?Thewordscientific
appearstobesuperfluous,becausetheEnglishwordresearchitselfalready
containsthenotionofscientific,ofstudy,etc.Scientificisnottheexact
equivalentofCnaukowe’anyway.Soinmostcasesweuseresearchalone,
ignoringthewordscientific.Indeeditisnoteasytofindanexamplewhere
bothscientificandresearchoccurtogether.Thefollowingisarareexample:
CThelocalFrenchauthoritiesplacedanembargooncoelacanth
specimensfromtheComoros,allowingonlyFrenchscientiststo
workonthem.Theyevenwenttotheextentofplacinginjunctions
onspecimensthattheyhaddonatedtovariousmuseumsroundthe
world,allowingthemtobeusedstrictlyfordisplaypurposesonly,
andverydefinitelynotforscientificresearch.Soresearchonthe
biologyandphysiologyofthecoelacanthwasseverelystifledfor
manyyears.’(NewScientist,5thOct.1991,p.49,DavidMartill
reviews“LivingFossil:theStoryoftheCoelacanth”byKeithS.
Thomson,HutchinsonRadius).
Hereisanotherexample:
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